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The Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of...

The Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family Functionalists focus on the roles of the family as an institution and its interaction with other institutions, such as the ratio of functions the family has to perform compared to those that other institutions such as schools and the NHS perform. Functionalism sees the use of the family in society and how it can take pressure from the government by becoming an almost dependent institution that will help support its own members. George Murdock analysed 250 societies and studied the purpose of the family, he came up with a final definition; that the family performs several main functions. These functions help the individuals within†¦show more content†¦The Functionalist theory does not consider that the modern situation and success of institutions other than the family has decreased the importance of the family and the functions it performs. For example, the role of education is now limited to only children under the age of five, as schools provide the majority of education for the younger members of the family from that age to adulthood. Reproductive functions of the family have also been limited because it is no longer necessary for a family to have both parents to create a child. This could be because of promiscuity or artificial insemination. Finally, economic support within the family has also been reduced because the government provides benefits for Old Age Pensioners, the unemployed and pre gnant mothers, meaning that a family does not need to support itself financially to survive as there are other options. Talcott Parsons considered how industrialisation and advances in technology and social morals have changed the functions of the family and he claimed the families functions were now limited to just two functions. Firstly is primary socialisation, he believed that parents taught their children from an early age what was socially accepted and normal behaviour in public. Primary socialisation also includes teaching the foundations of language. The second function is toShow MoreRelatedThe Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family The Functionalists see the family as an important and vital institution in society. They take a MACRO view and look at interdependence between the family and other organisations. Functionalists look at the positive parts to society but overlook the negatives. They emphasise on the value consensus and see the family as being universal. Other people’s outlooks disagree with this view, such as the MarxistsRead MoreAssessment of the Usefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family1223 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment of the Usefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family Functionalism is a structuralist theory. This means it sees the individual as less important as the social structure of society. It is a ‘top down’ theory. The family can be defined as an intimate domestic group composed of people related to each other by blood, sexual relations and legal ties. When assessing how useful functionalism is when looking at the family, other views/perspectives Read MoreFunctionalist View of the Family1317 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the usefulness of the functionalist view for an understanding of the family today? Functionalism is a structural theory. In functionalism, social institutes like families are the key parts of the structure/system. These institutions are seen as working in an integrated way that keeps society in a state of consensus. Functionalists stress the positive role of a family for society and its members. They argue that the families’ role is universal and functional. A famous functionalist, calledRead MoreCase Description and Theoretical Analysis of Tracy3601 Words   |  15 Pagesclassmate Evie Zamora. However, Tracy’s identified past family history is a source of emotional trauma for her. Tracy is the youngest child, with an older brother named Mason. Their parents are divorced and both children currently reside with their mother. The father does have visitation rights, however due to his current job he is not consistently available. He does try to offer financial support but has some difficulty, resulting in stress upon the family especially for Tracy’s mother. The mother, MelanieRead Morecrime and deviance4817 Words   |  20 Pages Theory Methods January 2011 Examine some of the factors that may contribute to people becoming victims of crime. (12 marks) Answers in this band will show sound, conceptually detailed knowledge and understanding and will be largely successful in interpreting, applying, analysing and evaluating material. Material will be interpreted and applied appropriately to examine two or more factors which contribute to becoming a victim of crime. Concepts and issuesRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 Pagesbehavior. These schools of thought often rise to dominance for a period of time. While these schools of thought are sometimes perceived as competing forces, each  perspective  has contributed to our understanding of psychology. Some of the major schools of thought in psychology are Structuralism, Functionalism, Gestalt psychology, Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis and Humanistic Psychology. Each school in psychology followed a certain viewpoint or perspective that defined it and its research and treatmentRead MoreCauses of Junvenile Delinquency2264 Words   |  10 Pages‘is an act of which breaks the criminal law of society’. Juvenile delinquency, also known as youth crime, ‘is the participation in illegal behaviour by a minor’. Crime is committed due to various reasons such as; the lack of family norms and values and peer pressure. The family unit plays the primary role of socialisation in the development of a child and it is the parents’ responsibility to teach the norms and values which are expected of them. 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Even though these theories have added to societies understanding of criminal behaviour, all have been unable to explain why punishment or treatment of offenders is unable to prevent deviancy, and thus are ineffective methods of control. The new penology is a contemporary response that favours t he management of criminalsRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagescan draw the line between subjective and objective research and has also influenced hermeneutical studies. Similar disputes, especially in the era of the Internet, have led to variations in sociology such as public sociology, which emphasizes the usefulness of sociological expertise to abstracted audiences. Social Theory and Social Philosophy Social theory refers to the use of abstract and often complex theoretical frameworks to explain and analyze social patterns and macro social structures in social

Enterprise Systems and Data Management

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Systems and Data Management. Answer: Introduction Enterprise Systems are packages of large-scale Application Software which support business procedures, business reportings, the flow of information as well as data analysis of big organizations. Enterprise Systems are widely known as Packaged Application Software frameworks. They are also named as Custom Developed and Tailored systems which are created to provide the development as well as the execution of different architectures, policies, approaches and procedures to manage the requirements of the organization data lifecycle in an effective manner. Data Management is the best and policy-based approach to deal or manage the flow of data within an organization and support the organization to attain suitable data frameworks. This study is a report on Data Management and Enterprise Systems. It includes the case study of Tesco organization which is situated in the United Kingdom and the research is also done regarding the use of Enterprise System as well as Data Management in the organi zation. Enterprise Systems and Data Management Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems coordinate various diverse sectors of organization. SAPs NetWeaver, Databases and Oracle's Fusion are some softwares utilized to build the Enterprise Systems within an association. From the computers hardware perspective, Enterprise System (ES) is the storage servers, as well as software which is utilized by large business enterprises as an infrastructure for their Information Technology models. Enterprise Systems are the frameworks planned to manage a large amount of critical or significant data (Aberer, 2011). The Enterprise Systems are regularly designed to offer a huge level of data security and transaction performance. On the other hand, Data management process is performed in the organizations different applications, formats, and protocols. While coordinating, the Enterprise Systems permit the organizations to coordinate its business procedures, for instance, sales, deliveries as well as accounts receivable through sharing information or data across employee hierarchies and business functions (Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mashari, 2002). Enterprise frameworks can also replace the multiple independent frameworks that are not able to interact with some other frameworks as well as this system only process the data to provide support to particular business processes and its functions. For instance, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) provides support to entire sales procedure of the organization which includes some pre-sales exercises, sales orders, deliveries, inventory reference, billing as well as customer payments. ERP, Customer Relationship Management, and Supply Chain Management are some examples of big Enterprise Systems. Types of the Enterprise Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM system was developed to deliver the requirement of an organization to raise its sales divisions productivity (Babaian Lucas, 2013). CRM also makes the administration or management of the organizations consumers in an impressive way to enhance the sales. With some functions of CRM, for instance, management of sales opportunity, organization come to learn about its client requirements as well as their buying behavior as well as join this important data with the market information in order to upgrade the quality and productivity of the organization sales forecasts and its marketing plans. Supply Chain Management (SCM): SCM alludes to the procedure of collecting individuals, tasks, tools, data as well as other assets required to deliver and move items or products from seller to the consumer. Supply Chain Management seems an effective management of an organizations supply chain exercises through the supply chain company in an efficient and effective way. Some activities, consider product development, production, material sourcing, logistics and the information frameworks that organize these activities (Bhowmick, Madria, Ng, 2004). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): ERP system coordinates software applications simply as the organizations coordinate its business procedures, for example, purchasing, financing, HR as well as inventory management of the organization (Bose, 2006). In an Enterprise Resource Planning system, the incorporated software models, for instance sales, the quality management as well as accounts receivable easily communicate as well as share the data. All these modules consist of various applications that accomplish the functions needed to execute specific business procedures. For instance, the business model considers the applications important to create as well as manage the business deals, orders, invoices and pricing of orders. ERP systems applications not only provide support to various operational as well as administrative tasks, for example, time sheet or creation of fresh accounts, they might also be tailored to provide support to a number of diverse industries, like gas and oil indus try, banking and retail industry (Chouà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hong Chen, 2002). Although business intelligence and data warehousing systems, both are widespread packaged application software and frequently sold by Enterprise System sellers since both indirectly support the execution of business processes and most of the time both systems are excluded from the organization. Enterprise Software: Enterprise software also named as EAS, is a software utilized to fulfill the requirements of an association rather than the individual user. Such associations would include schools, businesses, charities or clubs and government enterprises. Enterprise software is a fundamental part of this computer-based data system (Fan Geerts, 2012). Enterprise software provides services with the help of the typical business-oriented equipment, for instance Online Shopping as well as Online Payment Processing. A few examples of Enterprise Softwares are Automated Billing Frameworks, Organization's content Management system. This software portrays a collection of computer programs with the help of basic business applications and tools. Enterprise Systems demonstrate how easily the entire association works, and how effectively the development tools for building different applications are used in the associations. Enterprise software is proposed to solve difficult issues in organi zations instead of solving departmental issues (Ferrari, 2010). Enterprise Software works with the main motive to enhance organization's productivity as well as its efficiency by giving Enterprise Logic Support or Functionality. Enterprise System is the process which includes manipulation as well as a frequent display of a large amount of complex information. However, Enterprise Software doesnt have any broadly acknowledged list of characteristics they usually include scalability and robustness of system performance as its characteristic (Golab Ozsu, 2010). Moreover, these Enterprise Softwares have a typical interface with other Enterprise Softwares as these software are centrally controlled and managed. Enterprise Systems performed different business procedures, for instance, order processing, production scheduling, client information management, procurement accounting, as well as energy management (Gupta, 2000). Data Management The accumulation of data from numerous sources as well as distributing it to a specific level of individuals who needed it. The authentication and secure delivery of that data is usually named as Data Management. Several vendors provide Data Management products, however impressive Data Management includes well-defined processes and adherence to suitable practices and applications (Kim Seong Leem, 2005). There are different ways to deal with Data Managemen(Soja, 2009)t. Master data management also named as MDM is a comprehensive way of enabling the organization to associate its sensitive and critical data in a single file, named as a master file gives a typical perspective. The importance of effective Data Management process grows day by day as the organizational business is a focus to increase its compliance regulations. Furthermore, Data Management helps to manage and control a large amount of sensitive data which is sometimes also referred as a big data. Data Management procedure is an administration as well as governance of big data both in structured as well as in an unstructured manner (Lee Hong, 2002). Government organizations, Corporations, and Agencies employ this data management methodology to assist them to claim fast-growing data pools, involving several terabytes as well as petabytes of data along with a mixture of different data types. The idea of Data Management emerged in the late 1980s as advancement in technology moved from consecutive processing of selected access processing. Nowadays Data Management is done to technically store a single data fact into a single file and access this data by using selected access disk and suggesting that the Data Management process is more significant than the Process Management procedure (Loshin, 2009). Issues in Enterprise Systems and Data Management Although Enterprise System and Data Management have many advantages. However, these advantages are likewise matched with some high-level dangers because of the complexity of Enterprise Systems and Data Management. Some companies even plan to terminate the execution of Enterprise Systems because of the cost and time spent on it, as well as the disruption caused by ES limits(Mak, 2006). There might be several issues when organizations trying to execute, adjust and run the Enterprise System. The issues caused by Enterprise System are the only reasons due to which performance of the organization decreases. Change in any organization is the most critical issue encountered in the exchange of fresh and new frameworks. Several issues are involved during the implementation phase of Enterprise Systems, such as Structural issues, Intellectual issues, Social issues, Cost issues as well as Technological issues (Larkin, 2005). On the other hand, Data Management in the organization also encounters several big issues such as, more circular space is needed as well as a bigger or more intense computer system is required for Data Management procedures which small organizations cannot afford (Mamoulis, 2011). Another noteworthy issue of Data Management is its complexity. To ideally use the database, it should be carefully composed. If it is not done properly, the new system will not able to fulfill the organization's needs. The more conspicuous impact of framework failure is that every investment of data is tied-up at one place, therefore loss of data surely occurs and it is also considered as a big issue of Data Management. More difficult recovery processes are there in Data Management and if any framework disappointment occurs, then there is a loss of imperative data (Pan, 2004). Data Management and Enterprise System need high implementation cost, therefore, adaptations of both frameworks in the organizations become difficult. It is important to train every employee in the organ ization in order to use these systems more efficiently, but it is bit costly and time-consuming method. Integration of Data Management and Enterprise Systems with some other applications of organizations is essential, as well as the flexibility of the framework is also required in the system (Zeleny, 2005). There are a couple of experts involved in the enterprise system and if enterprise system is not applied properly then this system will become inconvenient for the organization. Case Study The Organization selected here in this case study is a worldwide famous retail organization TESCO. TESCO organization is a British enterprise which is working within a general retail business and merchandise business. The profit of the organization exceeds more than 3-Billion pounds every year and the organization becomes the third biggest retailer association in the entire world. TESCO organization works in approximately twelve nations worldwide. TESCO association is the major Superstore organization in the United Kingdom and more than two thousand stores run effectively in the United Kingdom. Tesco is a specialized organization of different items including drinks, food, electronics, financial services, clothing, home appliances, insurance, music, telecommunication, dental care and health care services etc (Wazalek, 2000). Enterprise System in Tesco TESCO organization is a world-class distributor organization and about Eleven million individuals visit at Tesco stores every day. Tesco has become the most refined supply chain organization in the entire world and helps its customers to get what they require from the last one decade. Tesco's team of supply chain examination grew in the last few years and now it has become an organization of five ratios Fifty individuals. Tesco staffed only by engineering and science graduates and to help Tesco to train-up in the field of retail expertise as well as in SQL programming aptitudes (Van den Hoven, 2004). The staff of Tesco organization mostly utilizes mathematical applications such as MatLan to conduct its analysis procedure. IT team of this organization attains the biggest win by including a statistical system named as Enterprise Systems which easily predicts the effect of weather on clients buying behavior (Barnes, 2011). From 2006, Tesco association utilized Enterprise Systems to enha nce its production network, fundamentally focusing on its stock administration frameworks. As per IT department, Tesco's new Enterprise System network's enhancement program, helped the organization to gain 16 million every year because now the organization is capable of understanding the consumers buying habits as well as to keep a track of sales in an effective manner. Additionally, Tesco retailers also use this Enterprise System in order to effectively track the special offers and each sale done, within the organization, the news source reported (Kerschbaum, 2008). Data Management in Tesco This Organization uses typical wellsprings of the data management model to arrange the design and pattern of examination as well as regulating the execution of data. Tesco's fresh, non-nourishment website named as Tesco Direct, utilize the web content administration model as a single wellspring for the management of data. Intertwined's website application software is utilized by the Tesco organization for expert Data Management procedure in which the merchandise needs to ensure that it keeps only specific information about its products over its channels for effectiveness as well as to ensure that the customers purchase the similar products online as well as in-store (Kim Hallsworth, 2015). The Data Management procedure is especially very intense for the organization Tesco because it is increasing its range of websites as well as quickly enhancing its online requests. With the help of Data Management, approximately 220,000 customer's requests are fulfilled within a week. Tesco has in addition guaranteed that it provides an arrangement of products pictures by using the Data Management procedure. Data Management used by Tesco organization is in the form of policies, processes, and appropriate approaches to make sure that the data is understandable, trusted, accessible, visible as well as optimized for the customers of Tesco. Tesco's Data Management includes procedures for strategy, modeling, visualization, security, planning, access control, data analytics, as well as quality. Results encompass enhancing data quality as well as assurance of Tesco's data, enabling data sharing and reuse of data is possible by minimizing the redundancy of data. The pain which organization faced are experiencing consistent reporting, regulatory compliance, Service-Oriented frameworks have prompted the interest of Tesco in Data Management. Case Study Conclusion This case study concludes that Tesco organization experience a lot of advantages from both Data Management and Enterprise Systems. By using both these automated frameworks Tesco organization can move its business more effectively. Enterprise Systems and Data Management support Tesco by providing them stock replenishment as well as by analyzing the sales figures. Both the frameworks help Tesco association by bringing its revenues in the Billions and help it to take its business to next level hence increasing its productivity. Enterprise systems and Data Management represent the significant contemporary process in the organizational utilization of the information technology. Recommendation Tesco and many organizations use Enterprise System and Data Management, therefore, people should be familiarized with both the new work frameworks. Full training, as well as comprehensive knowledge of Enterprise Systems and Data Management, should be appropriately provided to employees. Normally the workers feel it is a difficult procedure to modify an old system to a new one, especially in the case of electronic systems. Workers decline to acknowledge or compel Information Technology to change and adjust Enterprise Systems and Data Management. Customization makes Enterprise System and Data Management unstable as well as harder to control or maintain. Many mistakes are committed by the organizations by assuming, that it is easy to change the individual rather than to customize the system. Wide teamwork, as well as planning of functional areas between organizations, requires both internally and externally. Latest training is required for the customer and employees to attain the basic goal of the association. Conclusion This report concludes that there is a distinct difference, between both Enterprise System and in transaction-oriented frameworks. Enterprise System is a large package and a customize system technique which is developed within organizations IT department. Enterprise System is a normative business approach to update and collects the data of an organization. Enterprise System appears as an enduring segment of the organizational Information Technology department because they cover the largest portion of organizations Information Technology Infrastructure. It has also been concluded that the Data Management systems affect almost all the parts of organizations, including its implementation time as well as its operations and functions. Organization's Data Management not only affects its ability to manage data, however, it also upgrades the framework of the organization to modern technologies. Consequently, organizations require a framework to understand and analyze both of these systems to include in their decision-making procedures, in development as well as in the implementation processes. References Aberer, K. (2011). Peer-to-Peer Data Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 3(2), 1-150. Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mashari, M. (2002). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems: a research agenda. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(3), 165-170. Babaian, T. Lucas, W. (2013). Modeling Data for Enterprise Systems with Memories. Journal Of Database Management, 24(2), 1-12. Bhowmick, S., Madria, S., Ng, W. (2004). Web data management. New York: Springer. Bose, R. (2006). Understanding management data systems for enterprise performance management. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 106(1), 43-59. Barnes, R. (2011). The great Tesco beauty gamble (the Tesco supermarket chains marketing strategy for breaking into the UK beauty services market). Strategic Direction, 27(7). Chouà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hong Chen, J. (2002). Enterprise computing asset management: a case study. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(2), 80-88. Fan, W. Geerts, F. (2012). Foundations of Data Quality Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 4(5), 1-217. Ferrari, E. (2010). Access Control in Data Management Systems. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 2(1), 1-117. Golab, L. zsu, M. (2010). Data Stream Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 2(1), 1-73. Gupta, A. (2000). Enterprise resource planning: the emerging organizational value systems. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 100(3), 114-118. Kim, S. Seong Leem, C. (2005). Enterprise security architecture in business convergence environments. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 105(7), 919-936. Kerschbaum, F. (2008). Building a privacy-preserving benchmarking enterprise system. Enterprise Information Systems, 2(4), 421-441. Kim, W. Hallsworth, A. (2015). Tesco in Korea: Regulation and Retail Change. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 107(3), 270-281. Larkin, F. (2005). [Tesco Opera]. Circa, (111), 41. Lee, S. Hong, S. (2002). An enterpriseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide knowledge management system infrastructure. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(1), 17-25. Loshin, D. (2009). Master data management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. Mak, R. (2006). The Martian principles for successful enterprise systems. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Mamoulis, N. (2011). Spatial Data Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 3(6), 1-149. Pan, S. (2004). Managing strategic enterprise systems and e-government initiatives in Asia. Singapore: World Scientific. Plattner, H. Zeier, A. (2012). In-memory data management. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van den Hoven, J. (2004). Data Architecture Standards for the Effective Enterprise. Information Systems Management, 21(3), 61-64. Wazalek, J. (2000). Enterprise systems integration. Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach.

Seventies Essays - Fashion, Culture, Music, California,

Seventies How the 1970's Shaped American History The Nineteen Seventies was a pop culture decade. From Hippies to Disco and Saturday Night Fever to The Brady Bunch, the Seventies were full of cultural changes that shaped society for years to come. Although pop culture was important, many political outcomes also occurred. The Watergate scandal, the official end of the Vietnam conflict, and the United States Bicentennial all happened during this decade. Oil and nuclear problems arose, and Abortion was legalized for the first time. The Nineteen Seventies are often tarnished by remembrances of them, but in actuality many advances did occur in this ten-year span. When looking back at entertainment, fashion, and music history of the nineteen seventies these were probably the greatest and most influential events of this decade. Many movie stars such as Jane Fonda, Robert Redford, and John Travolta arose in this decade. Movies like Jaws, Saturday Night Fever, Rocky and Star Wars were on the movie screens and were a new type of uninhibited film that had never before been socially allowed before the seventies. Musically, with the exception of Disco of course, the seventies will be highly revered. Lynrd Skynrd, Bob Marley, Simon and Garfunkel, Led Zeppelin, The Eagles and countless other groups arose on the rock scene. We must however also acknowledge Disco and groups such as the Bee Gee's and KC and the Sunshine Band. Clothing was completely free and bell bottoms, bikini's and love beads were commonplace. There were no longer strict dress codes and the new free spirit of the seventies definitely demonstrated that. T.V.'s went to color, V.C.R.'s were invented, DNA was just beginning to be unfolded, technology was beginning to blossom. Atari was invented, computers enhanced, and home appliances were rejuvenated. The early seventies entailed such things as the Kent State University Massacre in 1970, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent students by National Guardsmen, and The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973 that helped to spawn the women's movement that engrossed the entire decade. The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970 and launched a new environmental movement, and anti war protest were all around until the official U.S. pullout from the Vietnam conflict in 1973. Charles Manson planned the murders of dozens of people, and it was apparent that society was drastically changing. The Richard Nixon Watergate scandal involving Democratic headquarter information that implicated the president in illegal cover-ups and activities with funds was probably the one thing that most people remember most about the 1970's. Those interviewed, and researchers have both said that it was the most significant event of the decade. It caused an intense distrust of the Federal Government, and the Democratic party, which has stemmed into politics today. This event, which led to the impeachment proceedings and ultimate resignation of president Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974 made a lasting impression on politics, government, public opinion, and the way democracy is cared for. Nuclear testing, resulting in health and environmental problems was also a hot topic in this time period. The Nuclear waste spill and radioactive leak at The Three Mile Island Nuclear plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1979. The new environmental feeling that was being brought about in this decade helped to bring about the idea of safe nuclear projects and disposal of nuclear waste. Foreign relations, on the whole were not good with Iran, or Russia. We had a hostage crisis with Iran, a Grain embargo with Russia, and an oil embargo leading to a gas crisis in the United States. The feminist movement was at it's pinnacle in the 1970's. Because of activists such as Gloria Steinem and Bella Apzug, women were getting more recognition. Women sports stars such as Billy Jean King were also becoming famous. Workplace discrimination was addressed, rallies held, and "bra burning" commenced. This free time enabled women to fight for what they believed in without worrying about what it would look like to others. The Roe v. Wade decision by the Supreme Court gave women more freedom of choice, as well as the readily available birth control pill. Along with this women's revolution there was a sexual revolution in the 1970's. Contraception was accessible and the sexually transmitted diseases of today were unheard of. This lead to more promiscuity and curiosity involving sexual relations. Drugs were also found everywhere. People were not as afraid of them as they can be now, and punishment was not nearly as severe. With the new free culture came a revived interest in illegal substances. America

Platos Socrates And, The Bhagavad Gitas Krishna Are Two Very Importa E

Plato's Socrates and, The Bhagavad Gita's Krishna are two very important characters who have strongly impacted the lives of many. These two characters share many similar qualities, as well as many contrasting qualities. In this essay, I will thoroughly compare and contrast these two remarkable characters. Though it seems that Krishna and Socrates were greatly dissimilar in their views and values, they did have some similarities. For example, both of them were extremely persuasive when it came to giving advice. They both had a very distinct ways of getting their points across and making others listen to them. Many people looked up to them. Another example of how the two characters are alike was the fact that they both felt that duty, both civic and spiritual, was very important. Fulfilling their duty to the gods, as well as their duty to the state, was an extremely important factor in both Socrates and Krishna's lives. Though they did share some similarities, Socrates and Krishna were also very dissimilar in many ways. For example, while Socrates believed in individualism, Krishna believed in collectivism. Socrates felt that people should think and live for themselves. He felt that people should come to their own conclusions. He believed in free will. By this he meant that everyone has his or her own choices in life. Socrates also believed that a man of wisdom takes individual responsibility for his actions. His most important virtue was justice. Krishna, on the other hand, believed in determinism, or necessity, not in free will. He also believed that, in contradiction to Socrates, a wise man does not take responsibility for his actions. Instead, he detaches himself from the consequences. For example, Krishna tells Arjuna to go to battle without thinking about the consequences of going to battle. Krishna feels that one should not be concerned with the results of an action, but only with the necessi ty to act. One should simply act on a sense on duty. Another example of how the two characters were different is seen in their attitudes toward the future. Krishna felt that the future is closed. He believed that everything is predetermined. Therefore, if one can't do anything about a certain matter, then one should simply change one's outlook on it. Socrates, in contrast to this, felt that the future depends on the actions one takes. Tradition also plays a major role in both characters' lives. Socrates, after all, was accused of, and put to death for questioning tradition. Socrates wanted to reform society. He wanted to make it a better place. He did this by questioning old rituals and traditions. He persuaded people to change their lives for the better. He felt that old customs didn't matter when it came down to living a good life. Krishna is strongly opposed to this. Tradition, for Krishna, is supposed to come first in one's life. It is the standard. He felt that everyone should do what tradition dictates and should never question it. He felt that one's happiness did not matter; only one's soul mattered. Although Socrates and Kirshna shared many similarities, they also had many differences. The most important factor in life for both was to serve god. Though they had their own different views on how to go about doing this, they both seemed to be heading in the same direction; and that would be to become one with god.

Southwest Airlines

Southwest Airlines Free Online Research Papers The website for Southwest Airlines states â€Å"The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit† (Southwest Cares: Doing the Right Thing, para. 2). Southwest continues to excel in customer service, employee development, and profitability. Southwest has the fewest customer complaints of any major airline, an employee turnover ratio of less than 10 percent, and has shown a profit each year it has been in existence (D’Aurizio, 2008). Southwest’s excellent customer service record relates directly to the warm, friendly assistance delivered by employees. Management at Southwest has built a culture of treating employees as family and expects them to treat customers like family as well. Before employment, the company showers new hires with parties and welcome celebrations. Training is available so that employees have the chance to advance within the company (D’Aurizio, 2008). All employees at every level, from the CEO to the janitors, receive stock options. This creates a culture of ownership mentality, which motivates employees to keep profits up by delivering exceptional customer service (Holstein, 2008). According to Laurens and Budinich (2008), the culture built by co-founder and former CEO Herb Kelleher is the secret to the success of Southwest. This culture â€Å"develop(s) and integrate(s) a dedicated and motivated workforce† (p. 30) that succeeds together. Kelleher led by example, treating his employees like family, and open communication played a vital role in forming this unique culture. The company’s culture is embedded in employees from the first interview. Events in the lives of employees are acknowledged and celebrated by everyone. The company establishes special programs for families of employees. The company listens to comments and feedback, not only from employees, but also employees’ families, customers, and vendors (D’Aurizio, 2008). By putting into practice the philosophy of open communication, Southwest has managed to foster a culture that has made it a profitable organization. Communication plays a vital role in organizational culture and employees’ perception of that culture. The website Reference for Business (2009) contends that message receivers use perception to make sense out of a message and to determine the message’s meaning. With perception, the receiver makes sense out of a message based on experience (Reference for Business, 2009). No person sees experiences exactly the same as another. Each has a unique set of experiences, a unique perceptual filter, through which he or she interprets messages. Making up this filter is the unique blend of childhood background, teaching, and the life experiences of the perceiver. In communication, each message receiver uses that filter to make sense out of the experience (Reference for Business, 2009). The challenge in organizational communication is enabling employees to comprehend messages ways intended. Friedman, Liu, Parks, and Simons (2007) argue that this communication includes the perceived match between adopted values and enacted values and the extent to which promises are kept. Effective communication relates to trust in managers and organizational commitment. Communication and commitment relates to employee retention, customer service, and company profitability (Friedman et al., 2007). Misaligned perceptions can lead to communication barriers and can ultimately lead to the breakdown of an organization’s cultural values. During organizational communication, conflict will invariably arise. According to Beebe and Masterson, â€Å"conflict in a group occurs when members disagree over two or more options that a group can take in trying to make a decision, resolve a problem, or achieve a goal† (Chapter 7, p. 169). Conflict can also occur when differences in goals exist. However, contrary to popular belief, conflict should not always be avoided. Some conflict naturally occurs as a result of communication because all group members will not share the same values, beliefs, or attitudes (Beebe Masterson, 2006). Conflict can be used in a positive manner. Southwest Airlines could use conflict to challenge group members to further research different ideas for resolutions to problems. For example, additional research could be used to determine if additional routes would be cost-effective or if dropping certain routes would cut costs. Southwest Airlines commitment to a culture that promotes employee empowerment has made the airline one of the most profitable airlines today. Open communication and in-house advancement encourages a positive perception of company culture. It also allows employees the opportunity to express ideas and believe themselves a part of the Southwest â€Å"family†. References Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2006). Communicating in Small Groups: Principles and Practices (8th ed.). Boston: Pearson. DAurizio, P. (2008). Southwest Airlines: Lessons in Loyalty. Nursing Economics, 26(6), 389-392. Holstein, W. J. (2008, February). At Southwest, the Culture Drives Success. BusinessWeek, 28-30. Laurens, E., Budinich, D. (2008). The Power of Integrated Leadership. Banking Solutions, 30-31. Simons, T., Friedman, R., Liu, L. A., Parks, J. M. (2007). Behavioral Integrity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), 650-665. Southwest Airlines. (2009). Southwest Cares: Doing the Right Thing. Retrieved from southwest.com Waltman, J. L. (2009). Reference for Business. Enclyclopedia of Business. Retrieved from encyclopediaofbusiness.com Research Papers on Southwest AirlinesNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWResearch Process Part OneMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andThree Concepts of PsychodynamicOpen Architechture a white paperThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Case Management Plan (Nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Management Plan (Nursing) - Essay Example Case as an organizer of care delivery and research has been commonly used in practice settings, and this is often person centred. This is one systematic approach to the presently advocated holistic paradigm of nursing care. Before going to present the assessment, analysis, and care plan based on the case management approach, it is important to know why it is important. The idea is to improve the ability of the health care systems to respond efficiently to the demands or needs of the older people like Mrs. Chang. It has greater implications than are apparent. Studies have indicated that most elderly people despite considerable debility prefer to stay at home, while the models of cost-effective care are shortening the lengths of hospital stay. Care in the community has, thus, gained significant importance. Case management approach may be the first step towards successfully achieving this (Brown et al., 2005, 1-32). Mrs. Chang is an elderly woman with 82 years of age with late stage parkinsonism. She is thin and frail. On the baseline, she has late stage parkinsonism, although the exact clinical features are not highlighted in this case study. This condition is characterized by gradual slowing of voluntary movement, muscular rigidity, stooped posture, and distinctive rigid gait. Over and above that, she has evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of both hands. As indicated in the history, she tripped and fell in the bathroom; this impairment of mobility may get accentuated with her rheumatic disease. Although not highlighted in the case history, a thorough examination of all her joints is mandatory to indicate the status of age-related osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which would further aggravate her problem of mobility. During this admission, she was admitted since she sustained a fall at home in the bathroom, and she has been admitted to the hospital for observation and further evaluation. Her cur rent medications have not been mentioned, but she has been on ibuprofen. This indicates her baseline chronic pain, which may further compromise her mobility. The impaired mobility is further accentuated by the fact that at home, she stays with her husband who is older than her by 4 years, who himself may be frail enough to be insufficient to help her out in these activities at home. The patient will express feelings of increased comfort, decreased pain and will be able to perform activities of daily living within the confines of the disease and will maintain joint mobility and range of motion while exhibiting adaptive coping behaviour. Improvement in muscle strength and endurance would be the goal (Burgess-Limerick, 2003, 143-148). An impaired nervous system can manifest in many ways, from subtle weakness to drastic loss of

Aircraft safety and Human Factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Aircraft safety and Human Factors - Essay Example Aviation is basically a combination of four ingredients, viz. Man, Machine, Medium and Mission-the four Ms.Sucessful integration of all the four culminates in a safe flight. Safety In aviation is achieved by implementation of in stringent measures at various levels-be the production, training or operations. Great emphasis is given towards production of aircraft. Innumerable test sorties are flown on prototypes before clearing them for production. Once came into the service, maintaince schedules are laid down at various stages to ensure trouble free flying. Similarly the crew operating the aircraft undergoes rigorous training to hone their flying skills. Great emphasis is given towards training of ground crew too, which encompasses all crew not flying but directly or indirectly associated with flying operations. Varios checks are instituted to monitor the health of aircraft and the knowledge of aircrews and ground crews. Despite so much concern and effort however, accidents do take place due to varied reasons and it has been found that the man behind the machine causes almost 80% of the accidents in aviation due to omissions or commissions. Why is it so Why does the same specie, that gas designed and mastered the machine and understood its intricacies, cause an accident due to an error How is the man weakest link among Four Ms These are the questions that need to be answered in the interest of flight safety. Human factors Human factors includes studies human capabilities, system analysis and design, process control and automation, skill acquisition, information processing and display, operator workload, and task-induced stress, human-computer interaction, environmental effects on performance, and accident prevention. Human factors is concerned with the cognitive and interpersonal skills required to manage the flight within an organized aviation system. Cognitive skills are the mental processes required for gaining and maintaining situational awareness, for solving problems and for taking decisions. Interpersonal skills include effective communications and good teamwork. Good interpersonal skills encourage the creation of synergy and the development of successful teamwork. Both cognitive and interpersonal skills are enhanced by a good emotional climate amongst the crew, but they are also easily degraded by stress, so management of the emotional climate and stress becomes and integral and important elem ent of good human factors. Human factors play significant roles in more accidents than do mechanical failures. Accordingly, crew resource Aircraft safety and Human Factors 4 Management and other human factors-related training are emphasized in most flight training. Human factors often place demands on the pilot that contrast with those of technology. Pilots must integrate skillful operation of an aircraft with subtle but powerful factors within themselves. (Frank& Harry 112) Flight Deck Management reports:(

Juvenile Focus Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Juvenile Focus - Article Example Among such programs and strategies, include a package on guiding discipline in schools released by the collaborations between the departments of Justice and Education. In another strategy, the country’s National Center for Mental Health and Juvenile Justice has developed a course on mental health and juvenile justice called the â€Å"Mental Health and Juvenile Justice Collaboration for Change,† which as the name suggests, involves collaboration between different stakeholders on various juvenile issues. Overall, the author advances the important role that all stakeholders should play by collaborating with each other to address juvenile delinquency. Realizing that addressing juvenile delinquency requires the collaboration of all stakeholders from individual families to communities and to different government agencies, the author provides rationale for collaboration between different stakeholders, which makes the article important for anyone to read. By addressing issues on children and youths, the future of this country and the world, the article is important makes for an interested read for other people in order to acquaint themselves with the different approaches and the various ways they could get involved in the issue of juvenile delinquency. The article is easy to understand since the author uses simple language that is understandable without using jargon. In addition, the article is well organized as the author uses headings to present each item under discussion.

The Cultural Imperialism Thesis

The Cultural Imperialism Thesis In contemporary society, globalization has become an inevitable trend of the development. In 1985, Theodre Levitt first proposes the concept of globalization; it is used to describe the changes and development in the global economy. Since then, the concept of globalization gradually blends into other scientific areas and it rapidly becomes a popular topic in academia. Compared to the disputes on economic and political level, the conflicts of culture are more subtle and more profound. Tomlison (1997) points out that due to the imbalance of economic strength, accordingly, in cultural domain it is divided into dominant and vulnerable, that is the reason why cultural imperialism has been proposed. Therefore, maintaining the independence of their own culture in the exchanges of globalization has become the reason people questioned the cultural globalization. As Lechner (2012, p. 340) confirms that Modern media are carriers of globalization, global cultures are spreading through the media, such as the Internet and satellite television, it is the media which can turn the planet into a global village and make people feel closer than ever before. With the advancement of media and cultural globalization process, recent developments in this field have led to a renewed interest in whether the cultural imperialism thesis can be regarded as a way to understand media globalization, and it has been a controversial and much disputed subject in present society. This essay begins by tracing back some debates and the history about media globalization and then it will go on to demonstrate an understanding of the cultural imperialism and the key elements of it. After explaining some main critiques of the cultural imperialism thesis, this paper seeks to prove that as an increasing number of countries gradually recognize that it is important to protect and develop their local culture, the cultural imperialism thesis seems to be an unsuitable way to understand media globalization in the current international environment. Media Globalization Most scholars believe that globalization must be associated with media and communications, the definition of globalization indirectly acknowledged this point. Giddens (1990, p. 64 cited in Sreberny-Mohammadi, 2000, p. 118) defines globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. What exactly links the distant localities? The answer will be the media. Due to the progress of media technology, the contact and communication between people from different places becomes more convenient, as Jameson (1998, p. 55) points out that globalization is a communicational concept, which alternately masks and transmits cultural or economic meanings. It is McLuhan (1964) who first recognise the role of media, although he proposes the term global village which seems to be a negative way to understand globalization. His merit is to illustrate the effect of com munication technologies in our social life. Referring to media globalization, it seems that the development of it can be grouped into different historical periods by three significant forms of mediums. To begin with, distances are no longer barriers to transnational communication because of the emergence of the telegraph. According to Thompson (1995), it was cable networks which connect Europe with China, Australia and South America, making mega mass audiences get information around the world. In the second place, Tomlinson (2004) states that the industrialized countries had been linked by satellite television. It had broken through the time and space limitations so that worldwide audiences can sit in front of televisions and watch the same events or soap operas at the same time. More exactly, that is the reason why teleplays like Dallas can be widely spread. Finally, as modern technology is advancing at a rapid speed, as a media carrier the internet has completely changed the way p eople get information. It brings information from different nations and diverse areas of the world to the individual computers or laptops. The performances of media globalization can be partitioned into three aspects. Firstly, as an important representation of the diverse national economy and culture, media products are spreading across the globe. People just need to press some buttons on the remote control or keyboard and then they will be able to access the media products they want from almost any country via satellite television or online media, such as news, TV programs and soap operas. As for many Chinese young people, they concern about Western technology news to learn about the latest electronic products, their mp3 players are playing the popular songs of Lady Gaga and Adele; American TV series are their favourites, such as Vampire Diaries and The Big Bang Theory. Media globalization means not only the dissemination of media products, but also the promotion of media commercialization which is becoming the universal media form. That is to say besides the media productions themselves; the proliferation of Western m edia form includes the type and form of programs and professional points and convention. Take Chinese TV program as an example, media studio buys overseas manufacture model and then transform the program to fit the viewing habits of Chinese audiences. Chinas Got Talent is the most successful case which comes from Britains Got Talent; it has recorded audience rating for three times. The second aspect of media globalization is the dominant position of transnational media company and market. The merger and acquisition of media companies have produced the large-scale media group; for instance, the seven main global media giants which are Disney, AOL Time Warner, Sony, News Corporation, Viacom, Vivendi and Bertelsmann (McChesney, 2000). Assisted by the supranational strength and nation-state strength, these media groups sweep across the globe through various technologies and agencies. Since the nation is no longer the provider of media service, the restrictions are released in media ownership and broadcast communications domain. Globalization embodied in terms of ownership structure, production, distribution and consumption of new transnational media systems. Through mergers and acquisitions, the media system which used to have distinctive national characteristics is becoming related to multinational media groups. Similarly, the production and consumption of media, such as film and advertising production and consumption has been globalized as well. Take Thomson Reuters as an example, since Canadian media giant Thomson Corporation merged with the British Reuters Group; it has become the biggest global financial information provider and the new company surpasses the majority of other competitors (BBC, 2007). Lastly, transnational media are dominated by global and regional production centres, and the information, productions and representations created by it are flowing through digital communication networks. In the meantime, the counter-flow exist restrictedly, the ruling media assimilates the contents and patterns of media from other countries selectively. Such as film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, a story from China, but it is made by Hollywood. Similarly, the story of animation film Mulan which created by Disney is based on Chinese history. Although the culture and resources are taken from Chinese, the expression is global, and the producer remains a company of the United States. The essence of cultural imperialism Before discussing on the essence of cultural imperialism thesis, I attempt to explore some key elements primarily. Media: McQuail (1994) claims that the media is a window for people to see the outside world, a guide to help the public understand mass experiences, a platform or a truck to transfer information. However, McLuhan (1964) did not agree with the idea that the media is only regarded as a tool for carrying materials or information, in his view, the medium is the message. Every emergence of new media, no matter what the specific contents spread, the media form itself brings some information to human society and it may make some kinds of social changes. McLuhan (1964, p. 7) further explains that the personal and social consequences of any medium-that is, of any extension of ourselves-result from the new scale that is introduced into our affairs by each extension of ourselves, or by any new technology. The aim he raises the proposition the medium is the message is to remind people that the impacts caused by any media are more remarkable than their specific contents. In other words, what medi a can transmit is far more than the specific content; he tries to draw peoples attention off from the content to the media itself. McLuhan (1964) also highlights that media are the extension of man, users of media also are the contents of media because they are creating contents, in particular the users of the Internet. In his view, Internet users differ from other media consumers; no matter what they do on the Internet they always create contents. People are owners who can actively manage media and give orders. In the cultural imperialism thesis, the media establish connections between developed countries and developing countries, it can be separated into two categories, one is the productions of print media, television, radio and film; the other is consumer goods such as Coca Cola, McDonald. Through these approaches, Western countries can spread the information which they want to convey around the world. Media culture: Since the media play an increasingly important role in peoples daily lives, contemporary society is integrally entering into the media society, media and cultural communication has become a normal and major landscape for general public. In the concept of cultural imperialism, media culture is a culture of consumerism; the centre of it is capitalist values. Sklair (2012) proposes that there is a definite link between consumerism and global capitalist system which controlled by the capitalist multinational corporation in the 20th century. The special mission for global capitalist system in the third world is to promote consumerism and to allow consumers indirectly considering their consumption ability with overlooking their own productive capacity. For instance, developing countries import commercial television and programs from developed countries, transmitting western TV series, horror films, detective stories and cowboy movies, making people face a world which may hav e passed for years or did not exist in their real lives. Such media productions have a detrimental influence upon people in developing countries, eroding the national identities, restraining peoples creativity and spirit of participation.   Imperialist countries: Western developed countries, especially the United States. Nonetheless there are merely few numbers of these countries. After years of capitalist operations, they possess the majority of the worlds resources and accumulate enormous wealth which results in the unbalanced development of the world. Schiller (1991) confirms that they own not only hard power in political, economic and military domains but also cultural soft power which is preponderant as well. Developing countries: most of these countries had been independent after World War II; they fell behind the western developed countries in political, economic, military and cultural fields. It can be said that they are still depending based on the economy of developed countries. In terms of developed countries, the developing countries are huge consumer markets which they can instil Western culture and values and get benefits from. Control: Western countries heavily impact developing countries by making use of cultural imperialism; it is best characterized by settling differences with other nations and preserving from violation or infraction. Essentially, the core of cultural imperialism is Western countries, the circulation of global media productions shows an obvious imbalance-they circulate in one-way flow from western countries to the rest of the world (Varis, 1974). Due to the fact that Western countries control media systems and products, cultural imperialism enables third world countries make their economic, social, and political policies and public values similar to western standards. As a result, it seems that the five elements of the cultural imperialism thesis can be integrated in a structure chart: Transmitter à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ Imperialist countries à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Communicating content à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ Media culture (culture of consumerism) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Channels of communication à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ media à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Audiences à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ Developing countries à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ Communicating effect à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â€š ¬ Cultural globalization Schiller (1976) stresses that cultural imperialism is not an isolated phenomenon; it is a part of the modern imperialism process. It has several practical characteristics in three aspects. First of all, the powerful countries in the economic domain, based on their powerful economic and capital strength, expand their economic, political and cultural influences to the rest of the world through the market. It results in a dominated and dependent relationship between the developed capitalist countries (especially the United States and Western European countries) and the developing countries (the Third World countries, such as countries in South America, Asia, and Africa). The products and fashion styles of developed countries propagate to other countries through the market, it may lead to specific patterns of demand and consumption, so that cultural values, attitudes and behaviours of developed countries can be consolidated and supported. Furthermore, cultural imperialism is an expansion of cultural values, that is to say dominating global culture through products or commodities which contain cultural values. In recent years, the Western national export cultural products to developing countries and make them accept their values, this causes the invasions in cultural survival and development areas in developing countries. For example, although China is one of the net exporters of films besides the United States (Morley, 2006), in the film market of Chinese mainland, the domestic films are heavily impacted by Hollywood films. Whenever Hollywood blockbusters like Transformers: Dark of the Moon is showing at major cinemas, the box offices of the Chinese domestic films in the same period are always poor. Since Chinese has been aware of the cultural soft power stands for a countrys overall image, one of the departments of authority called State Administration of Radio, Film and Television take several measures to support do mestic movies, such as the month of home-made films protection. That means each year, in a relatively settled time, there is only few import films, almost all of the films shown in cinema are domestic. Although this is done to protect the domestic films, this approach still causes controversy. While confronting these impacts, developing countries not only face the threat of industrial colonization form, but also face a lack of creativity of the cultural industry. Finally, cultural imperialism achieves cultural expansion through the dissemination of information products. In contemporary society, the strong cultures of western countries come to pervade peoples daily lives by means of mass media and popular cultural products such as radio, television, advertising, pop music, popular culture. Take the United States culture as an example; it permeates almost every aspect of our daily lives. A new Hollywood blockbuster could always start a watching boom around us; The pop music of American superstars such as Lady Gaga and Rihanna is playing among most Chinese pubs and shopping malls; an increasing number of young people become fans of the US TV series; and the NBA show is an eternal topic for basketball enthusiasts. Main critiques of the cultural imperialism With the continuous development of the globalization process and rise of audience studies, as the person who first proposes the cultural imperialism thesis, Schiller meets enormous challenges from other scholars. Especially after the end of the Cold War, the cultural imperialism thesis has caused more controversies. To begin with, there are increasing numbers of theorists recognizing that the international communication process is a complex structure, the one-way flow explains of cultural imperialism oversimplifies this complex process of information flow. According to Cunningham (1996), media globalization is no longer a one-way flow of media and cultural products from the western countries to the rest of the world. In recent years, India has become to a major out-sourcing exporter, movies made by Bollywood have aroused extensive concerns. For instance, as one of the most popular movies, 3 idiots has evoked worldwide repercussions. BBC (2010) reports that it has broken records for Indian films in the US, Australia, South Africa, Pakistan, Fiji and Kenya. In the American well-known film website IMDB, this film wins a score as high as 8.2 points; in Rotten tomatoes, there are 92% of the audiences thinking that it is worth watching. In addition, the rise of Korean popular culture has aroused the w idespread interest not only in the Asian countries, but also in the Western countries. In a lecture of the University of Leicester, the professor takes Girls Generation which created by S.M. Entertainment as an example to illustrate popular culture. These examples showed that global media and cultural propagation is a multi-directional flow process. Secondly, the communication process is a complex structure, there is no definite uniformity between encoding and decoding, and the similar information can be decoded by the different audiences in different ways. That means audiences in the Third World may selectively accept information and values which made by western media corporations. Tomlinson (1997) criticizes that using media imperialism expresses the cultural imperialism thesis is not proven. He believes that the media is neutral; and it is just an intermediary of the communication process, it is neither a kind of ideology nor the core of modern culture. He also notes that audiences should not be regarded as passive receptacles of media productions; they cannot be dominated by media. Schiller (1991) concurs and further explains that there are a part of active audiences, they understand the information in their own ways, by their own judgment, most importantly, their understanding considered to have significance in cultural heg emony resisting. Above all, it seems that each audience has a different understanding of the same media products, and their attitudes are based on their own cultural background and experiences. They accept information which they identify with and in the meanwhile, excluding those they dislike and disagree with. To some extent, the decoding activities of active, critical and resistant audiences weaken the effect of cultural imperialism gradually. Lastly, the cultural imperialism thesis seems to overlook the continuing significance of national media systems and protectionism. Because of the fact that films of the US occupy 80 per cent of the European film market, While European movies only gets 2 per cent of the American market (Morley, 2006). In order to protect domestic films and television programs from the impact of the U.S. like products, some European countries (Canada and France) announce to restrict American imported media products (Tomlinson, 1997). With mention to the Middle East countries, as a representative of the Saudi Arabian national media system, Orbit thinks that a BBC program about criticizing the Saudi Arabian human rights has violated the law and culture of Muslims, then it banned the import and use of satellite dishes in 1994 (Sakr, 2001). To sum up, in the contemporary global environment, since an increasing number of countries realize to defend their cultural security, the force-feed type of the Western media productions spreading is becoming useless. The national media systems and protectionism play an increasingly important role in resisting the instillation of western cultures and values. Conclusion As a central topic of the political and academic debate in the present age, different scholars have diverse views and opinions about globalization. Held (1999) provides an overview of various perspectives on globalization, he states that all the views can be divided into three classes: Hyperglobalizers, Scepyics and Transformationalists. Differing from other two perspectives, transformationalists highlight that firstly there is no single reason resulting in globalization; moreover, as Giddens (1990 cited in Sreberny-Mohammadi, 2000) states that the outcome of the globalization process is uncertain. I agree with this viewpoint and in my opinion globalization is a complicated process, it cannot be easily defined as positive or negative, it must be understood in more complex ways. Above all, I argue that globalization is a process which is open and full of conflicts, its essence is to establish a system for culture of exchanging and communicating, consequently, it may create a new media pattern. Media globalization is an objective reality which caused by the development of economic globalization, and the emergence of it is an objective historical process of media development. The cultural imperialism thesis is a negative way to understand media globalization, and it oversimplifies this complex process of information flow. In this process, exchange, collision and convergence between different cultures are overall based on maintaining their own independence, it is a two-way process instead of a one-way course which makes majority of countries become similar to the Western style. In the process of media globalization, communication and integration of various cultures will not lead to cultural assimilation; in contrast, diversification which emphasizes the differe nces and diversity is the expected trend of human culture. Multicultural, not only refers to the cultural diversity, but also means the differences in deep-seated level of culture and these differences can be recognized on a global scale. It is a kind of cultural imperforation when it only assimilates or controls cultures of other nations but does not accept and absorb outstanding achievements from other national cultures. The real media exchange is accepting and absorbing the outstanding and advanced cultural elements, it is not only from basic structure but also the inherent quality and spirit.

JetBlue Airways Corporation Essay

JetBlue Airways Corporation has been a rapidly growing discount airline and biggest success story in the industry by using its strong customer service considerations and low fares to build a solid, growing customer base. Synopsis JetBlue Airways Corporation has established itself as a low-fare passenger airline with a differentiated product and a high-quality customer service. They focus on serving underserved markets and large metropolitan areas that have high average fares. They offer both short-haul and long-haul routes that are point-to-point rather than the ‘hub and spoke† route system that has been adopted by most major U. S. airlines. JetBlue was incorporated in Delaware in August 1998 and started operations in February 2000. On April 11, 2002 they announced their initial public offering of its common stock. Their base of operations is at New York John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). On February 14, 2003, JetBlue began their West Coast base of operations at Long Beach Municipal Airport, which serves the Los Angeles area. JetBlue currently operates 180 flights per day. Profile and Mission JetBlue’s goal is to be the leading low-fare passenger airline by offering customers a differentiated product and high-quality customer service. JetBlue can offer low-fares due to its low operating costs. Cost per available seat mile was 6. 2 cents as compared to the reported average cost per available seat mile of 9. 58 cents offered by other major U. S. airlines. JetBlue attributes the low unit costs to the high productivity of its assets and employees. Some of the factors that lead to the low unit costs are the efficient utilization of the aircraft, the operation of only one type of aircraft, which is the Airbus A320, with a single class of service, a productive workforce, and low distribution costs. JetBlue has acquired an all-new fleet of aircraft, the Airbus A320. They currently operate 45 (53 by the end of 2003), with plans to order 100 more. These planes are expected to start arriving in mid-2005 with scheduled completion set for 2011. Each Airplane has a single class layout with a wider cabin space than the competitor’s airplanes. In addition, each airplane is equipped with 162 leather seats with free 24-channel satellite T. V. at each seat. The aircraft is fuel-efficient, very reliable, and versatile. JetBlue has established a strong brand that differentiates itself from its competitors as a safe, reliable, low-fare airline. It does not sacrifice its customer service or an enjoyable flying experience to achieve those features. JetBlue has a strong company culture. It achieves this by hiring friendly, helpful, team-oriented, and customer-focused people. JetBlue has positioned itself in New York, the nation’s largest travel market. JetBlue flies out of lighter congested JFK airport, which has allowed it to provide reliable service. JetBlue has 75 exemption slots that would allow them to fly during the congested period; however two-thirds of the flights are scheduled outside of the peak period. The management team at JetBlue has considerable experience in the airline industry. For example, the experience comes from successful-low-cost leaders such as Southwest Airlines and the extensive experience of managing airline operations in the New York area. Finally, JetBlue has a competitive edge with their advanced technology. The use of laptop computers in the cockpit allows the pilot to calculate weight & balance and takeoff performance. Pilots also use the laptops to access manuals in electronic format. JetBlue features ticketless travel and 4 cabin security cameras on each plane. And for further protection, each airplane has a bulletproof cockpit.

Power And Powerlessness Essay

When I hear the word power many thoughts come to mind, but I feel power has many different forms. We could assume that power means more money, a bigger title, a corner office, a more generous budget, or â€Å"a seat at the table†. But that may not be true for everyone. For some, power may mean having the ability to control one’s career destiny in keeping with personal values and interests. Or power could mean having the opportunity to be creative as a project lead without too much interference from others. Or power could mean making decisions with trust and autonomy, such that no one can easily override your decisions. To me, power is control and the capacity to bring about change. For example, the United States government, they control everything and also other countries. Our government has the power to create and print money, regulate interstate and international trade, make treaties and conduct foreign policies, declare war, provide an army and navy, establish post o ffices, and make laws necessary to carry out these powers. In addition to their elusive powers, both the national government and state governments share the power of being able to; collect taxes, build roads, borrow money, establish court’s, make and enforce laws, charter banks and corporations, spend money for general welfare, and take private property for public purposes. Power is also acquired through possession or acquisition of the following resources: authority, money, status, knowledge, professional degrees, goods, services, votes, public support, information, ability to influence the media, and relationships with powerful people. Power can be derived from one’s authority to make decisions in organization s or by virtue of one’s gender, ethnicity, social class, or personal attributes, such as appearance and charisma. People often acquire power by establishing alliances and coalitions with others to support or oppose various policies or decision-making options. Workers in social service organizations also acquire power because they often decide whether individual clients receive services, resources, or referrals. But how would it feel to not have power, a sensation of being out of control with no apparent solution to help you to regain control, powerlessness. When the lack of capability to affect the realities of life that you can’t control such as; how others act towards you, if you will get a job you want, what the weather will be like, or if an accident will occur. Powerlessness can be simply defined as the absences of power resources. However, the â€Å"Mother† of empowerment practice, Barbara Solomon (1976), defines powerlessness as a product of the interaction between individuals and the social structures that limit life opportunities for them: Powerlessness is defined here as the inability to manage emotions, skills, knowledge, and/or material resources in a way that effective performance of valued social roles will lea d to personal gratification. The power deficiency so often seen among minority individuals and communities stems from a complex and dynamic interrelationship between the person and his relatively hostile social environment. When you feel powerless, you feel afraid to express your needs because you fear that what little you have will be taken from you. You may have learned powerlessness if you were kept in powerless positions repeatedly and/or over long periods of time, possibly during childhood, by those who used external forces (money, physical strength, legal status, and/or military force) to control you. You may have been abused as a child, a partner or spouse, an employee, a soldier, or you may have been the victim of racial or ethnic attacks. Such prolonged abuse can cause you to become afraid to feel even your own needs, to admit to yourself that you need something, you become immobilized and in certain critical ways you stop growing, you cease to thrive. When powerlessness is â€Å"learned†, it becomes self-perpetuating, even if the external forces are no longer there. An abused child may grow up to feel permanently powerless as an adult, even though his or her parents no longer have physical or economic power over him or her. One may then enter into a situation that repeats childhood experiences such as; living with or marrying an abusive partner, and therefore keeping oneself in externally imposed danger. Or one may keep oneself down through self-abuse, compulsive behaviors, and depression because the powerlessness has become internalized. The first step to overcoming learned powerlessness is to learn to feel entitled to your personal rights. You have the right to live a life free from physical, emotional, sexual, and financial mistreatment. You have the right to be treated with respect, to earn a livable income, to be informed of matters that affect you, and to express yourself freely, without harming others. Most importantly, you have the right to ask for what you need, even though you may be turned down, and to fight for what you need and want, even if you are turned down. Most people who have learned powerlessness barely feel entitled to speak, let alone to speak freely. Often professional therapy is necessary to overcome the ingrained patterns. Never the less, to overcome learned powerlessness, you must gradually, but persistently lay claim to each and every human right, one after the other. The purpose of the empowerment approach is to help people overcome feelings powerlessness by acquiring power. Mondros and Wilson (1994) differentiate power from â€Å"empowerment† by arguing that this second concept is actually a psychological state that â€Å"allows one to pursue concrete activities aimed at becoming powerful.† The literature on empowerment in organizations focuses on two distinct categories of organizations actors: program beneficiaries and staff members. Rapp, She ra, and Kisthardt (1993) define empowerment in individual clients as; confidence, control, decision authority, influence, autonomy, and self-trust.† According to Shera and Page (1995), empowerment of employees in organizations can be defined as, â€Å"a process of enhancing self-efficacy among organizational members through the identification of conditions that foster powerlessness and through their removal by both formal organizational practices and informal techniques that provide efficacy information.† Empowerment in the social services can take place within the context of relationships between workers and clients, within the organization’s formal decision-making structure, and within the contact between the organization and institutions or groups in its external environment. It should be noted that empowerment in organizations involves the redistribution of resources such as decision-making authority or goods and services. Therefore, in addition to producing specific outcomes, empowerment is a political process. Staff members may feel they will lose power and authority to make service decisions if clients are treated as equal partners in the decision-making process. Because one of the primary assumptions of empowerment in direct social work practice is to reduce feelings of powerlessness by increasing personal self-perceptions of one’s own power, the model focuses on facilitating the acquisition of leadership skills and actual political power among agency clientele. Staff members also acquire power through participation in organizational decision-making and by advocating for improvements in organizational policies and services. The organization gains political power as constituents become empowered to advocate for changes in government policies and campaign for meaningful social change. In conclusion, power, powerlessness, and empowerment all have a different meaning and serve a different purpose but each one has a powerful meaning in its own way.

Steven Spielberg Saving Private Ryan Essay Example

Steven Spielberg Saving Private Ryan Essay Example Steven Spielberg Saving Private Ryan Essay Steven Spielberg Saving Private Ryan Essay Essay Topic: Film Saving Private Ryan was directed by Steven Spielberg and it was first released on September 11th 1998. The film was based on the world war two, it was a pivotal event of the 20th century and a defining moment for America and the world, some of the leading actors in the film are Tom Hanks (captain Miller), Tom Sizemore (sergeant Horvath), Edward Burns (private Reiben) and Matt Damon (private Ryan). In the film the desiderated colour gives the war scene a great effect and the handheld cameras again add to the reality of these scenes and capture a lot of detail which makes it seem very realistic, Steven Spielberg wants to show the ugly side of war by having great detail in the battles, they are very shocking and the use of handheld cameras catch every drop of blood that sheds from every soldiers. Spielberg did not want to glamorise the events of Omaha beach and the opening sequence he is determined to show the true reality, I think the first scene suggests this by showing the American flag flying above the graves of American soldiers and shows the outcome of war and this is certainly not alluring, it shows how the war is so dark and horrific. In the first scene Private Ryan is an old man cautiously walking through the masses of graves, and suddenly pauses and falls to his knees, busting into streams of tears; Spielberg shows us how much sorrow war brings to peoples lives. When the camera zooms into Private Ryans eyes you can actually see the sheer hurt in his eyes and the transition takes place when we almost see the cold icy sea in his mournful eyes, we then hear the waves crashing against the Americans boat, the colour fades and the fear we see in Private Ryans eyes turns into the captain Millers eyes. As they approached Omaha beach the sound of machinery is thunderous and the roaring of instructions from the captains can be heard. The soldiers dont even have time to get of the boat when they are brutally slaughtered by the Germans. The soldiers then jump over board into the icy waters, the Germans shoot at them and as they hit the water the bullets are rapidly muted as they hustle through the sea piercing though the soldiers lifeless corpses, the sea turns to an instant red, a sea of blood and massacre, Spielberg continues to show the audience what war is really like. Captain initial reaction is one of shock as he sees dead fish scattered among the bodies of soldiers, human beings. Perhaps Spielberg is trying to convey a sense of a human being, has no greater vale than a fish in this scene, this really shows us what war is like, and the panning view shows the audience the destruction of the war and how futile war is.

Pure Capitalism Essays - Taxation, Public Finance, Tax, Income Tax

Pure Capitalism Essays - Taxation, Public Finance, Tax, Income Tax Pure Capitalism My idea of the perfect government could be called ?Pure Capitalism?. It is based on survival of the fittest and not all people are created equal. To explain this government I will compare it to our current system. The biggest concept is that the people have complete control of most all economic conditions. Taxes: I do not believe in an income tax, I want to choose what I do with my money. Income in my view is a form of double taxation. To make up for the loss of no income tax, the sales taxes would be increased, not only would this allow people to have more control over there money it would virtually eliminate tax fraud. The sales tax could not tax food intended for consumption, clothing, or other Basic necessities of life. On average products the rate would be a flat percentage rate, and on products considered luxiourus the rate would be exponential, much like our current income tax system. A new administration would be formed to control the rates and stop double taxation. The inheritance tax would be abolished, if I want to work hard my life, throw all of my money in the bank, and leave it to my kids so that they can sit around doing nothing till the day they die, I shouldn?t have to pay for politicians to do sit around there whole life too. Welfare: The current welfare program pisses me off. In pure capitalism there would be a one year minimum for basic welfare, after that, all you get is a big ?good luck!, no one ever said life was fair?. If you can?t get a job in 365 days you don?t deserve for me to support you. The only exception here would be if someone was receiving average or higher education, in which the welfare program would last one year after completing the course. A set amount of bonus welfare would be received for each dependent when the program is started, but a deduction larger that the original bonus for any children born after the program has started. This is to discourage the inferior from reproducing. Poor breed poor. Again there is any exception for advrige or higher education received. In order to encourage private businesses to form, an extremely powerful business loss compensation loss program would be designed. In order for an economy like this one to survive, it takes guts on the part of the individual, unfortunately that is the reason many potential Trumps are never discovered. To counteract this, any business which is registered with the gov?t and then fails, will have compensation equal to the amount invested in the business initially, that way someone couldn?t start a business, inflate the vaule till it is about to crash, then liquidate to receive the amount of the inflated value. They could only get to amount they invested in it back. Labor: Every business needs a power work machine. Labor Unions in my ideal economy would have much more power provided by the government. Corporations would be required to sell stock to its workers. 401(k) plans would be highly encouraged, and other fringe benefits provided. When you retire the amount recieved would be based on two things. (1) How successful you where in life. (2) How hard you worked. With higher emphasis on number 2, people who have lower job skills would still be encouraged to work harder, knowing that it will eventually pay off in the long run. Poor breeds poor, but if the poor stay on the right track, they can still have a decient life. This last section is to cover the broader based ideals in the perfect economy. Kill the ?All people created equal polacy.? Lets face it, some poeple are superior and some are inferior, the minorities can?t call for affirmative action by hiding behind that statement. If I want to hire someone based on the color of there skin or there fathers father, I will do it. Forget minimum wage, you get paid what you are worth, if you are worthless you get paid less. Likewise, if you have a good education and give it your all, you are worth more and thus get paid more. Though bleeding hearts would be in tears after reading this, I belive that this economy, though vague, would create a world power compairable to the present world military condition, alowing us to control the weak, not bleed all over them.

MRP3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MRP3 - Assignment Example Generally, teachers emerge more innovative thus their general approach towards these reforms is more professional due to their reserved space in the system that recognizes and develops them for better future results thus assuring a strong education system. People undertaking education reforms should embrace a scientific and technological view. They ought to understand that reforms incline more towards people it is directed to rather than the already set processes or policies (Richard and Gregg). Their respective experience in the education field reinforces their approaches towards the whole question of reforms. This cluster of teachers recognize the need to reward efforts with a view to exploring innovative possibilities and also appreciating ideas that may result from trying freshly developed ideas something that may be realized time to time over the years. On the other hand other interested parties to this course may ultimately lack the expertise needed to spearhead these reforms (Raymond). With a view to making the entire process a success, teachers have embraced technological approaches due to their expertise and experience and are also able to observe and conceptualize the results achieved into reasonable theories. The attitude of the teachers is then estimated to enable someone to measure their threshold and also whether they attain the desired level. These are cross examined alongside some theories where they undergo experimentation to make conclusions and ultimate decisions on a topic. All these attitudes exhibited by teachers differ to a greater extent from their counter parts in other fields apart from teaching. Therefore, as the essay argues school teachers are better placed to handle reform agendas because they have an upper hand and their positive

What is Capital Budgeting Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is Capital Budgeting - Statistics Project Example The NPV for corporation B is also higher than for corporation A. The difference is not very significant at less than 10%, but in the absence of other information, it would appear that corporation B fetches higher present value. The NPV represents today's value of projected future cash flows. The rate of discounting should approximate the bank rate, and the 10% figure given should be seen in this context. The difference in NPV between the two alternatives would be inadequate to support any decision, given that there would inevitably be some uncertainty in the projections of revenue and cost. The IRR is higher for corporation B than for corporation A. Since the company has limited funds to invest and since each of the alternatives requires equal funding, corporation B is a better choice in terms of IRR. IRR is the most relevant measure in this case since the firm has limited funds and has to make a choice between the two corporations available for acquisition. Again, the difference in IRR between the two corporations is too small to support any decision in real life. The Pay-back period is the same for both corporations, so no difference can be made on this account. Both corporations are equal in terms of the payback period. The payback figure is easy to calculate, but it can be misleading. Acquisition of a corporation should consider risks inherent in its projected earnings and continued revenues (Jean-Jacques, 2002, p55). The pay-back figure would not be an important consideration unless a diversification into a highly risky line of business was to be involved. Future cash flows that have not been discounted do not have much value in a business situation. Profitability Profitability is better in the case of corporation A. This could be because corporation B has secured a bigger market share through price competition, and seems to have a policy of cutting margins in order to retain its market position and business volume. It may be a matter for management intervention after an acquisition, for declining margins are most often difficult to reverse and can affect the long-term financial health of an enterprise. Discounted Payback The discounted payback period is one year more than if we consider nominal values of annual cash flows. This is the case with both corporations. This measure is more meaningful than plain pay-back. The effect of discounting is almost the same for both corporations, delaying pay-back by about a year. The discounted pay-back in the fifth year is not particularly attractive.

Information System Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14000 words

Information System Security - Essay Example 31): Computer systems thus have to be constantly available, secure and accurate. To ensure this, adequate and effective risk management practices must be in place – that is, risk management must be effectively integrated into an organization’s existing security model, having readily available solutions for security threats and being ever vigilant for novel security threats as they develop. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of risk management as part of the security model of modern information systems. To address this objective, the researcher primarily undertook a comprehensive review of related literature. The gained knowledge is then applied to a case study to illustrate the potential value of the area under investigation. For ensuring system security, an organisation ought to implement an efficient security model and carry out certain analyses and implementation steps. This Question will research how Risk management is defined in the literature and of which components it consists of. In addressing risk management, the role of risk analysis is investigated as an important tool in analysing the shortcomings of an organisation’s security system. It will then identify the different methods available to organisations to implement a sound risk management paradigm. For the identification of the risks faced by modern information systems, the researcher identified and presented the most common risks and threats a modern information system faces today and how they have developed over time. The study investigated several external and internal risks and the technologies used by people who pose threats. The researcher proceeds with a detailed analysis of the available technologies for risk reduction in information systems. Dutta & McCrohan (2002) assert that commercial operations have always been wrought with security problems, and over the years, several ways of responding to these issues have evolved. The increasing popularity