Foodborne Illness Essay -- Food Illness Health Medical Essays

forageborne Illness solid food borne illnesses argon caused by consuming contaminated foods or beverages. There are many different disease-causing microbes, or pathogens. In addition, poisonous chemicals, or other harmful substances can cause food borne illnesses if they are present in food. More than two hundred and cardinal different food borne illnesses have been described almost all of these illnesses are infections. They are caused by a variety of bacterium, viruses, and parasites that can be food borne. (Center 1) Food safety is an increasingly important public health issue. Governments all over the world are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety. Food borne illnesses are diseases, ordinarily either infectious or toxic in nature, caused by agents that enter the body through the ingestion of food. In industrialized countries, the percentage of people torment from food borne diseases each year has been reported to be up to 30%. In the United States of America, fo r example, around 76 million cases of food borne diseases, resulting in 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, are estimated to occur each year. (Geneva 2)The most commonly recognized food borne infections are those caused by the bacteria Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli 0157H7, and by a group of viruses called Calicivirus, in addition know as the Norwalk viruses. Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment, but not all bacteria cause disease in humans. (Schmutz 1)Campylobacter is a bacterial pathogen that causes fever, diarrhea, and group AB cramps. It is the commonly identified bacterial cause of diarrhea illness in the world. These bacteria live in the intestines of birds, and most raw poultry meat has the bacteria in it. Eating undercooked chicken or other food that has been contaminated with the juices dripping from raw chicken is the most frequent source of this particular infection. Salmonella is also a bacterium that is widespread in t he intestines of birds, reptiles, and mammals. It can spread to the human species a variety of different ways through foods or animal origins. almost examples of food involved in outbreaks are eggs, poultry and other meats, raw milk and chocolate. The illnesses it causes are typically fever, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. In people with poor fundamental health or weakened immune... ... the time out to inspect the food you are grabbing. Make sure dates are current, the color is normal, the temperature is normal, and it was properly prepared (washed or cooked). A college student could become very sick or even die from a small mistake. Students need to be cautious with their busy lives. prepare CitedArchuleta, M. (n.d), Keeping Food Safe. Guide E-508, pp. 1-11, 10/7/2003, www.cahe.nmsu.edu/pubs/_e/e-508.htmlBogart, Carol. Kids hospitalized, festival cancelled in wake of E. coli outbreak at Wyandot County Fair. 6 October 2001 http//www.oweb.com/Advertiser-Tribune/text/N100601a.html Center for unhealthiness Control, Food borne illness. 3 September 2003 http//www.cdc.gov/nicidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/foodborneinfections_g.htmFDA Sees Surge In Food Poisoning Dietary changes, imports cause risk. San Francisco Chronicle 18 March 2001 A8.Geneva, Sue. Food Safety and Food borne Illness. 25 January 2002http//www.who.int/inf-fs/en/fact237.htmlGreene, Alan. Food Poisoning. Dr. Greene.com. 7 August 2002 . Schmutz, P.H. Food borne Illness Prevention Strategies. 2 February 1999 http//hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/HGIC3620.htm

Settling of America (1620s -1670s) :: history

Settling of America (1620s -1670s)Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas for Spain in 1492. The searchrs and settlers that settled in Central and South America were mostly Spanish and Portuguese. The English took notice of the Spanish success in the Americas, so they decided to explore the upper part of the Americas, North America, in the late 1500s.Virginia was the first settled in the Chesapeake region in about 1607, and then later settlers went trade union to places like Massachusetts in the freshly England region in about 1629. Though both areas were settled by the English, they developed two different societies. sequence Captain John Smith was in Virginia in 1624, the men on the ship waited for the large ship to leave and those of us that had money, spare clothes, credit to demo bills of payment, gold rings, fur, or any such commodities, were ever welcome to purchase supplies. The rest of us patiently obeyed our vile commanders and bought our provisions at fifteen ti me the look on (Doc. F). While other men were searching for gold with their golden promises, made all men their slaves in hope of recompense. A Puritan lawyer, John Winthrop, immigrated to New England because his views on religion were different from those in England. Even though Puritans are Protestants, Puritans tried to purify the English Church. In 1630 on board of the Arabella on the Atlantic Ocean on way to Massachusetts, he wrote A Model of Christian Charity which gave his views on what a society should be. the condition of mankind, that in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection.Yet we must gather together in this work as one man. (Doc. A). In this he is saying that men may be different but to make a new world work, they must work together. All through his speech he mentions God. For example, he opens his sermon with God Almighty in his most holy place and wise providence. This shows that in New Engl and, the people were very religious.New Englanders actually took religion a little too seriously. In the 1680s and 1690s Witch trials were taken place, especially in Salem Massachusetts. Women and some men were killed after being suspected of witchcraft until 1692. The religion bracket this happened in was the Puritans were Calvinists with very strict views about society.

References to Homosexuality in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay

References to Homosexuality in Walt Whitmans Song of Myself WHITMAN WAS MORE MAN THAN YOULL perpetually BE, said a student of Louisiana State University. When asked questions of your sexual preference or thoughts on the issue of sex, I would venture to say it makes most spate uncomfortable. This is an age-old topic that people k straight about, yet do not want to talk about. He was factly reticent about his issues regarding sex and his particular sexual preference. In fact, of Whitmans struggles the most difficult for him to deal with was his ever so strong homosexual desires (Hubbell 283). Whether homosexuality is right or wrong is not for me to decide. though I feel it should not be used so manifestly in works of literature. Homosexuality, by definition, is the act of having relations with members of the same sex (Websters Dictionary). In todays society, we chose to either disregard homosexuality, to accept it, or to engage in it. Someone you least expect is probably a homosexual to some extent. Most heterosexuals scat to pretend that homosexuality does not exist or judge those who chose to engage in it. This issue is not new. In fact, in the early nineteenth cytosine many letters and diaries that have been examined show that middle class men and women of all ages participate in relations that verged on sexual- homosexual love. Today these acts would be judged as homoerotic, yet were viewed with tolerance and were nonetheless encouraged by leading middle class moralists. Readers of the time took little notice to poets like Whitman, not even to condemn them for immorality, a charge which they typically reserved for poems with heterosexual themes (Killingsworth 98). Whitman was a unique poet and a... ...e had no idea when writing this work what the future would hold, we are now reading this in our literature class. Is this really appropriate? We are college students, and as mature adults, this material should be something we c an handle. What do you think? I view that homosexuality is very real, and that we need to learn about it and educate ourselves about the issue. Yet, I dont think we should go as far as being explicit about it in our textbooks. Works Cited Hubbell, Jay B. Eight American Authors- A review of Research and Criticism. The Modern American Language Association of America. New York, 1956. Killingsworth, Jimmie. Whitmans Poetry of the Bdy. University of mating Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London. 1989. Lauter, Paul. The Heath Anthology of American Literature, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. 1998.

Gender Bias in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Gender Bias in Othello Shakespe bes tragic play Othello is an unfortunate example of gender bias, of sexism which takes advantage of women. The three women characters in the drama are all, in their own ways, victims of mens skewed attitudes regarding women. Let us delve into this topic in this essay. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine comment in the Introduction to Shakespeare Othello that sexism is a big circumstanceor in the play At this point in our civilization the plays fascination and its horror may be greater than ever before because we have been made so very sensitive to the issues of race, class, and gender that are woven into the texture of Othello. . . . The issue of gender is especially noticeable in the final scenes of the play with the attacks on Bianca, Emilia, and Desdemona which are vivid reminders of how terrible the power traditionally exerted by men over women can be. (xiii-xiv) In the fountain scene, while Iago is expressing his hatred for the general Othello for his having chosen Michael Cassio for the lieutenancy, he contrives a plan to partially avenge himself (I follow him to serve my turn upon him), with Roderigos assistance, by alerting Desdemonas father, Brabantio, to the fact of his daughters elopement with Othello Call up her father, / Rouse him make after him, poison his delight . . .. Implied in this move is the fact of a fathers assumed control over the daughters choice of a marriage partner. Brabantios admonition to Roderigo implicitly expresses the equal message The worser welcome I have charged thee not to haunt about my doors In honest plainness thou hast heard me say My daughter is not for th... ...on Twayne Publishers, 1985. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Mowat, Barbara A. and Paul Werstine, ed. Introduction. Shakespeare Othello. New York Washington Square Press, 1993. Pitt, Angela. Women in Shakespeares Traged ies. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprint from Shakespeares Women. N.p. n.p., 1981. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wayne, Valerie. Historical Differences Misogyny and Othello. The Matter of Difference Materialist Feminist Criticism of Shakespeare. Ed Valerie Wayne. Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press, 1991.

College Athletes Must be Held to the Same Standards as Full-Time Studen

Despite a tendency for constitutions to be lenient with college athletes, as they extol the benefits of full-time-student status, they must be held to the same standards as non-athlete students. Every institution has an obligation to set attendance rules students who attend these institutions have an obligation to abide by them, however, in actuality, professors chose whether or not theyre enforced. This may cause significant problems between other students targeting a player, rather than who is responsible, the Professor. Although institutions want their students equally treated, diversity is well accepted. institution as a college athlete contributes to diversity as well as a substantial get of favoritism. Issues arise pertaining to how one may view an institution as well as the institution itself, due to an athletes gift. Though athletics contribute to a decrease in anxiety and stress, in some cases, facts show otherwise. Furthermore, every institution has a set of rules perta ining to attendance policies, that every student, including athletes need to follow.Most institutions have similar attendance polices. Their policies include aid regular classes on time, fully comprehending the syllabus for every class, prompt notice to instructor regarding absences due to competition and/or travel, once a certain amount of days have been missed the student is dropped, and failure to properly communicate with instructor may result in a failing grade. Policies have hold the student-athlete is fully responsible for communicating with their professors regarding their attendance. They have also acknowledged students are not entitled to a certain number of absences. Most importantly, policies have stated the importance of in... ...Q Educause Quarterly.NDP. Web. 28 November 2011. Educause Quarterly Magazine, Volume 30, Number 2. 2007.www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/clickerintheclassroomanactive/157458Pros, Cons on pay for play yahoo. USA Today. 31 August 2004. Web. 25 November 2014. www.usatoday.com/sports/2004-08-31-pros-cons-pay_x.htmTaylor, Donald L. A compare Of College Athletic Participants And Nonparticipants Of Self-Esteem. Journal Of College Student Development 36.5 (1995) 444-51. ERIC. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.Student Athlete Class Attendance Policy JEFFCO. Viking Intercollegiate Athletics. 14 October 2011. Web. 25 November 2014. Jefferson College Policy.www.jeffco.edu.edu/athletics/inex.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=287&Itemid=256Worsnop, Richard L. College Sports. CQ Researcher 26 Aug. 1994 745-68. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.

College Athletes Must be Held to the Same Standards as Full-Time Studen

Despite a tendency for institutions to be lenient with college athletes, as they enjoy the benefits of full-time-student status, they must be held to the same standards as non-athlete students. both institution has an obligation to set attendance rules students who attend these institutions have an obligation to abide by them, however, in actuality, professors chose whether or not theyre enforced. This may grammatical case significant problems between other students targeting a player, rather than who is responsible, the Professor. Although institutions want their students equally treated, diversity is well accepted. Existence as a college athlete contributes to diversity as well as a substantial amount of favoritism. Issues arise pertaining to how one may view an institution as well as the institution itself, receivable to an athletes gift. Though athletics contribute to a decrease in anxiety and stress, in some cases, facts show otherwise. Furthermore, any institution has a set of rules pertaining to attendance policies, that every student, including athletes need to follow.Most institutions have similar attendance polices. Their policies include attending regular classes on time, fully comprehending the syllabus for every class, prompt notice to instructor regarding absences due to competition and/or travel, once a certain amount of days have been missed the student is dropped, and distress to properly communicate with instructor may result in a failing grade. Policies have acknowledged the student-athlete is fully responsible for communicating with their professors regarding their attendance. They have likewise acknowledged students are not entitled to a certain number of absences. Most importantly, policies have stated the importance of in... ...Q Educause Quarterly.NDP. Web. 28 November 2011. Educause Quarterly Magazine, Volume 30, material body 2. 2007.www.educause.edu/EDUCAUSE+Quarterly/EDUCAUSEQuarterlyMagazineVolum/clickerintheclassroomanactiv e/157458Pros, Cons on pay for play yahoo. USA Today. 31 August 2004. Web. 25 November 2014. www.usatoday.com/sports/2004-08-31-pros-cons-pay_x.htmTaylor, Donald L. A Comparison Of College Athletic Participants And Nonparticipants Of Self-Esteem. Journal Of College Student Development 36.5 (1995) 444-51. ERIC. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.Student Athlete Class Attendance Policy JEFFCO. Viking Intercollegiate Athletics. 14 October 2011. Web. 25 November 2014. Jefferson College Policy.www.jeffco.edu.edu/athletics/inex.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=287&Itemid=256Worsnop, Richard L. College Sports. CQ Researcher 26 Aug. 1994 745-68. Web. 12 Dec. 2014.

Innovative company Essay

?Innovative Engineering Company was founded by two partners Meredith Gale and Shelley Yeaton, shortly after they graduated from engineering school. within five years the partners had built a thriving business, primarily through the development of a product line of measuring instruments based on the optical maser principle. Success brought with it the need for new eternal capital. After careful calculation, the partners placed the union of this need at $1. 2 million.This would replace a term add that was about to mature and provide for plant expansion and related working capital. At first, they sought a wealthy investor, or group of investors, who would provide the $1. 2 million in return for an interest in the partnership. They soon discovered, however, that although some investors were interested in participating in new ventures, none of them was willing to move as partner in an industrial company because of the risks to their personal fortunes that were inherent in such an ar rangement.Gale and Yeaton therefore planned to incorporate the Innovative Engineering Company, in which they would own all the armory. After further investigation, they learned that Arbor Capital Corpoproportionn, a venture capital firm, might be interested in providing permanent financing. In thinking about what they might propose to Arbor, their first idea was that Arbor would be asked for $1. 2 million, of which $1. 1 million would be a long-term loan. For the other $100,000, Arbor would receive 10 percent of the Innovative common origin as a sweetener. If Arbor would pay $100,000 for 10 percent of the stock, this would suppose that the 90 percent that would be owned by Gale and Yeaton would have a value of $900,000. Although this was considerably higher than Innovatives net assets, they thought this amount was appropriate in view of the profitability of the product line they had successfully developed. A little calculation convinced them, however, that this idea (hereafter, proposal A) was too risky. The resulting ratio of debt to equity would be greater than 100 percent, which was considered unsound for an industrial company.Their next idea was to change the debt/ equity ratio by using preferred stock in lieu of most of the debt. Specifically, they thought of a package consisting of $200,00 debt, $900,000 preferred stock, and $100,000 common stock (proposal B). They learned, however, that Arbor Capital Corporation was not interested in accepting preferred stock, even at a dividend which exceeded the interest rate on debt. Thereupon, they approached Arbor with a proposal of $600,000 debt and $600,000 equity (proposal C).For the $600,000 equity, Arbor would receive 6/15 (i. e. , 40 percent) of the common stock. . . . Assignment 1. For each of the four proposals, calculate the return on common shareholders equity (net income after preferred dividends divided by common shareholders equity) that would be earned under each of the three income assumptions. Round calculations to the nearest $1,000 and 1/10 percent. 2. Calculate the pre-tax earnings and return on its $1. 2 million investment to Arbor Capital Corporation under each of the four proposals.Assume that Arbor receives a dividend equal to its portion of common stock ownership times Innovatives net income after preferred dividends (if any) assume a negative dividend if Innovative has a net loss. 3. Were the partners correct in rejecting proposals A and B? 4. Comment on the likelihood that Innovative Engineering Company could find a more attractive financing proposal than proposal D. Answer A. 1. 100k long term loan, 100k = 10% of Common Stock. B. 200k Debt, 900k Preferred Stock, 100k Common Stock. C. 600k Debt, 600k Equity, arbor will get 40% of the equity D. 300k debt, 900k equity, 50% Interest 8% Dividend 10%

Social Media and the Egyptian Revolution

January 2011 marked the beginning of peaceful protests and kind movement demonstrations staged by citizens throughout Egypt. heading actors fought for democratic advances, political freedoms and equality. The genuine commitment for change, the unity of the people and most notably the tactful com/the-effects-of- mixer-media-on-communication-skills/manipulation of social media resulted in the disposition of the suppressive regime. Modern social media has significantly changed the traditional forms of activism and has simplified the efforts needed to provoke civic mobilization.Social media applications such as chitter, Facebook and YouTube hold the dynamic power to manipulate, control, inform and motivate. Essenti completelyy, they direct become excellent tools for activists. This paper seeks to describe and assess specifically the relationship between social media and the Egyptian Revolution. Building on this foundation, this essay will sustain that social media platforms were th e major catalysts for social change in Egypt. To begin, social media, or more precisely Twitter and Facebook, defined and formed the movements corporal identity.These platforms represented safe(p) environments that permitted individuals to consult about common grievances and share revolutionary ideas (Comunello & Anzera, 2012 466). Furthermore, social media applications played key roles in facilitating the efforts needed for communication, organization, and recruitment (ibid). These applications were highly trusted as they allowed activists to network effortlessly and more everyplace, assisted in turning rational individuals into constituents. Lastly, social media aided in attracting global support and helped spread democratic ideas across foreign borders (Comunello & Anzera, 2012 466).By referencing the works of scholars such as Kenneth Pollack, Halim Rane and Francesca Communello, this paper will prove social media as the underlying force of the Egyptian revolution. To be gin, the conversations held on Facebook and Twitter mold the collective identity that would make individuals feel capable of effecting change (Staggenborg, 2008 191). Twitter and Facebook were the underlying catalytic forces of the movement as they provided a space that would allow Egyptians to publically take for changes and express opposition to the existing order (Doran, 2011 41).We Are All Khaled Said was a Facebook page that established Khaled Saids death as the spark of the Egyptian movement. With Saids brutally beaten(a) face as the banner, this page quickly spurred anger as it emphasized both the unreasonable level of cruelty that was exerted towards him and as well as the authoritarianness Egyptians faced daily. Remarkably over the course of a few weeks, half a million Egyptians were on Facebook, expressing their anger and sharing their grievances over police brutality, rebellion food prices and corruption.This platform page assisted in framing the movement in terms of demands for dignity, justice, freedom and democracy (Rane et al, 2012 80). The establishment of the movements frame gave rise to some(prenominal) other Facebook pages. These highlighted the corrupted practices of the political relation and educated both constituents and adherents to the movement about democracy and its benefits. Facebook succeeded in shift down the psychological fear barrier that stymie Egyptians from participating.Once fear was no longer an issue, the Egyptian social capital progressed intensively as the collective consciousness emerged. Facebook was used as a mobilization twist that would undeniably give back the power to the people and restore their self esteem. Correspondingly, Tunisias success in toppling their dictator, had inspired a wave of revolutions in the eye-East. Socio-political debates and ideas of democratic advances in Egypt were highly influenced by the current events in Tunisia. These influences had left a marginal impact on the Egyptian co llective identity.By using social media platforms, Tunisian activists control their Egyptian counterparts regarding the matters of revolution. On Facebook, Tunisians inspired Egyptians by further highlighting the benefits of democratic advancements and by providing words of encouragement and advice ( Rane & Salem, 2012 85). Tunisians contributed to the empowerment and collective morale of the Egyptian people entirely through the use of social networking applications. Social media is what ultimately allowed the Egyptian people to be galvanized.It created a type of common room that allowed dissidents to discourse feely which gave emergence to the movements collective action frame and identity. As Twitter and Facebook were deduced as safe and anonymous environments, the psychological fear barrier had eventually been broken, thus load-bearing(a) the thesis that social media was undeniably a prominent feature in the outcome in Egypt. (Rane & Salem, 2012 84) In addition, Twitter and Facebook had facilitated the movements needed efforts for mobilization.Activists used these platforms as reliable toolsto propagate their message and contact fellow movement actors. Both Twitter and Facebook contain features that allow statements to be liked, shared or quoted therefore breaking down all geographical barriers. Egyptian activists, while by passing government restrictions, would use these applications to strategically organize peaceful protests and other forms of collective activities and events. Movement actors would organize ways to contest authorities on Twitter or Facebook as they knew their great power to spread news (Idle and Nunns, 2011, p. 20).Specifically, Twitter played a key role during the revolution as it held the power to potentially turn a simple tweet into a worldwide trending topic. Similarly to the diffusion theory, Twitter along with Facebook became key channels of diffusion. Both these applications accelerated the speed at which the adopters rec eived the innovations initiated by the transmitters, resulting in the instantaneous mobilization of individuals and resources ( Rane & Salem, 2012 78). The disposed(p) moral of this phenomenon presents itself a few days prior to the massive revolutionary demonstrations of January 25.To avoid attracting authorities, main organizers of this uprising had avoided disclosing details too early. When details were finally shared, it diffused virally over social media applications at an impeccable speed that would attract 80, 000 protestors in two days, thus proving social media as a prominent inciting force. Social media was used to rear expectations of success and coordinate strategy (Howard et al. 2011 9). These networks were manipulated in ways that would inspire dissidents to organize protests, criticize their governments and spread ideas about democracy (ibid).Twitter and Facebook supported Egyptian activists by sustaining collective action and by facilitating the process of diff usion (Rane & Salem, 2012 90). To deduce, social media simplified the dynamics needed to provoke the mobilization of the Egyptian social movement, thus supporting the thesis that Twitter and Facebook were the catalysts to the movement. Lastly, social media platforms galvanized foreign support and helped to globally spread voices against oppressive regimes factors that contributed to the movements success (Comunello & Anzera, 2012 466).As previously mentioned, social media networks had broken down the geographical barriers that would other than limit activists. Twitter, Facebook and YouTube disseminated images and videos of police brutality towards the relatively peaceful protestors which heightened awareness in countries. Activists used these platforms in their favour to gain international support, thus weakening the oppressive regime. Simply put, the more Egyptians attracted awareness, the more likely Mubarak would fall.Specifically, Egyptians directed these images to Wester n countries as they recognized that added pressures from these States was paramount (Khamis & Vaughn, 2011). An important speech permitted Egyptian movement actors had know of their success days before Mubarak had actually resigned. When Obama publically stated his discontentment with the Egyptian governments abuse of power, there was a cry of victory in all of Egypt. The Leader of the Free Worlds statement had rekindled the fire of passion and had empowered Egyptians, inspiring them to continue their pursue for change.Moreover, similarly to the Tunisian Revolution, the Egyptian Revolution had sparked movements throughout the Middle East. Countries across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) area share many common elements, thus explaining the wave of uprisings (Rane & Salem, 2012 84). The Egyptian movement was merely a response to a lack of human rights and freedoms and its success, motivated all pro- democratic activists in the MENA region. These activists learned of the power of social media by following the Egyptian movement on Twitter and Facebook.In hoping to rid their countries from adverse social, economic and political situation, activists look at social media platforms as the initiators for change (ibid).. Consequently, current oppressive governments in the Middle East have taken example from the failures of the Egyptian and Tunisian governments and have been subjected to a new level of scrutiny (Doran, 2011 43). In Syria, the authoritative government has been behaving with great brutality in response to mobilization efforts. Assad has ruthlessly killed many of the rioting individuals all while censoring the media, in efforts of shielding himself from foreign audit (ibid).The social media tactics used by Egyptian and Tunisian activists have weakened their respective government all while strengthening other authoritarian governments in the region. Twitter and Facebook supported Egypt during its plight for social change as they assisted activ ists in raising international awareness. Because of their abilities to cascade information virally with no geographical limits, the Egyptian Revolution became an international topic in a matter of weeks ultimately leading to the movements success.Lastly, social media aided withspreading ideas of revolution and democracy in the MENA region (Rane & Salem, 2012 84). The diffusion of Egypts success on Facebook and Twitter, inspired pro-democratic movements throughout the Middle East thus supporting the statement that social media was the seminal impulse for social change in Egypt and as well as the rest of the Middle East. The best practical reason to think that social media can help express political change is that both dissidents and governments think they can C. Shirky ( Comunello & Anzera, 2012 461).The Egyptian Revolution and the contributory role played by Twitter and Facebook demonstrate the prevalent effect social media platforms have on social movements. The achievement of the movements objectives didnt solely depend on social media offline efforts were required. Nevertheless, Twitter and Facebook were the major driving forces of the movement as they accelerated the movements progression towards success. To begin, these social media applications shaped the collective action frame and defined the collective identity, ultimately leading to the mobilization of the movement.Furthermore, these platforms facilitated communicational efforts and the transfer of pertinent information thus simplifying all the dynamics involved with mobilization. Lastly, Twitter and Facebook helped in the spreading of democratic ideas and attracted the international awareness needed that would essentially overthrow the Mubarak regime. Considering these statements aforementioned, it is super likely that without these social media platforms, the revolution would have evolved at a much slower pace, therefore proving that these platforms were verily major catalysts for social c hange in Egypt.

Macroeconomic Issue Paper Essay

Financial crisis has changed our vision of the future. We argon scared by the outgrowth unemployment order and are non overconfident whether tomorrow economy will bring any positive changes. Non-economists social occasion unemployment rates to determine, how well international and the U. S. economy performs in simple terms, the exploitation unemployment rates suggest that we are at the edge of the deepening frugal recession. Many of us keep to a misleading opinion that the growing unemployment is the direct issuance of the current financial collapse.In its recent article, the economist (2008) sheds the light onto the major unemployment controversies that also impact accredited GDP, consumption, and speed up the development of the credit crisis spiral. Macroeconomics of the growing unemployment in the U. S. The Economist (2008) provides the detailed review of statistics and economic implications of the growing unemployment in the U. S. On Friday November 7th he Barack Obama got the vernals that unemployment had shot up to a 14-year advanced of 6.5% in October and non-farm employment had plunged by 240,000 from September (The Economist, 2008). The figures are threatening, but despite the persistent opinion that the current financial crisis is the direct cause of unemployment, the Economist (2008) suggests that whereas it had been thought that the financial crisis pushed a teetering economy over the edge, it now looks like the crisis kicked an economy that was already down. In other words, unemployment rates had been gradually insurrection even before the notorious bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers.What makes current unemployment different from all previous crises is that those losing their jobs do not leave labor force as apace as they used to that whitethorn be because losses on retirement savings and homes have deprived many of the option of sitting out of the hands for a spell (The Economist, 2008). In any case, the growing unemployment may threaten the stability of the U. S. economy in short- and long-run, and macroeconomic consequences of the growing employment instability may slow down the process of economic recovery in the linked States.From the macroeconomic viewpoint, a person who is able and willing to work yet is uneffective to find a paying job is considered inactive. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian labor force, which includes both employed and unemployed and those with jobs (all those willing and able to work for pay) (Layard, 2005). Although the majority of the U. S. population tends to evaluate the quality of national economic performance through the prism of the changing unemployment rates, these rates are notoriously difficult to measure.As a result, we frequently lack objective view of the way unemployment impacts our economic achievements. Unemployment tends to produce irreversible macroeconomic effects and requires that fix authorities and financial institutions develop sound macroeconomic policies, to minimize and prevent the long-term consequences of the deepening economic recession. In general terms, poverty, crime, and healthcare issues are the trey direct consequences of the growing unemployment. In terms of economics, unemployment badly impacts purchasing activity and leads to long-term authorized GDP decrease.Under the growing unemployment pressures, we are unlikely to use all available financial and non-financial resources to the fullest. Much unemployment called deficient-demand or cyclical unemployment thus represents a profound form of inefficiency, sometimes called Keynesian inefficiency (Layard, 2005). The results of profound statistical compend imply that we have not yet hit the bottom of the economic crisis (The Economist, 2008) simultaneously, it is very probable that statistical figures are at least distorted and do not form an objective and realistic vision of what processes are currently taking place i n the national economy.The problem is not in that the United States is going to be have intercourse the largest international source of potential job-seekers. The problem is in that the United States privynot produce relevant and reliable statistical figures that would help address the growing unemployment rates before they hit the record. Macroeconomics lacks one single universal method for measuring unemployment rates. The U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics counts employment and unemployment on the basis of the weekly look back people are considered employed if they did any work at all for pay or profit during the survey week (Layard, 2005).As a result, the BLS does not account full-time students and prisoners as employed. Furthermore, those who are jobless but are actively involved into job search are also considered as unemployed. stinting professionals seem to omit the whole population layer, including students, retired, and people with mental and physical disabilities accordi ng to BLS these people are neither employed, nor unemployed. When we hear that unemployment rates have reached 6. 5%, what does that mean? Does that mean that 6. 5% of the American population is no longer willing to work? Does that mean that 6.5% of population is actively looking for new jobs? Does that mean that 6. 5 percent of the U. S. population is likely to remain unemployed in the long-term period? Statistical research does not provide the answers to these questions. That is why it is very probable that the Economist (2008) operates unreliable measurements and risks distorting the real picture of the American labor trade. Macroeconomics lacks agreement as for the causes and the consequences of unemployment. When the Economist (2008) implies that we are facing the challenges of cyclical unemployment, the real causes of unemployment may vary.According to Keynesian theory, the main causes of unemployment result from insufficient effective demand for goods and economy (Layard, 20 05). Some economists are confident that the current economic crisis can hardly be the direct cause of the growing unemployment, and that structural unemployment does not threaten economic stability. From the viewpoint of classical macroeconomics, minimum wages and taxes may severely change the balance of forces in the U. S. labor markets. Regardless the exact cause of unemployment in the U. S., non-economic population lacks relevant instruments that would help re-interpret statistics. We are used to the thought that statistical analysis is the source of reliable and unbiased information and that statistics may open the gateway to understanding the real causes and economic implications of the current financial difficulties yet, the time has come when the methodology and analytical instruments behind statistics need to be reconsidered. I am confident that while statistical unemployment may cross all reasonable boundaries, the real picture of unemployment may be completely different.Ce rtainly, thousands of people are being laid off and drown in the unemployment pool against their will, but the existing methods of economic and statistical analysis must also be refined otherwise the coming years are unlikely to being economic relief to the American labor markets. Conclusion Statistical research suggests that the rates of unemployment in the U. S. have reached unbelievable 6. 5%. The Economist (2008) writes that the current financial crisis may not inescapably be the direct cause of the current unemployment shakes.Regardless the specific causes and consequences of unemployment in the U. S. , the national economy lacks relevant economic instruments that could be used to measure statistical variations in labor markets. Macroeconomic theorists lack unanimous agreement on the way unemployment should be defined and measured. The time has come when the major macroeconomic indicators and the fashion of measuring them should be refined. Non-economists are misled by inaccu rate statistical data that causes panics in the labor markets.Unless we are able to evaluate the full labor market potential, and until we are confident that the results of the statistical analysis are at least close to reality, we will not be able to develop reasonable macroeconomic policies, and will fail to protect national economy from the deepening crisis. References Layard, R. (2005). Unemployment macroeconomic performance and the labor market. Oxford University Press. The Economist. (2008). A painful job to do. November 7th. Retrieved November 18, 2008 from http//www. economist. com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory. cfm? subjectid=348876&story_id=12583077

Differences and Similarities in the Arguments for Legalizing Marijuana Essay

Differences and Similarities in the Arguments for Legalizing Marijuana The legalisation of hemp has become a mainstream foreshor cristal that the nation has become highly concerned about in recent years. Lately more and more conservative opposers have begun to change their minds, solidizing the benefits of marijuana. Debate following go as far as saying that it is no recollectiveer a question of if marijuana will be legalized, but when. The shift in viewpoints is due to the increasing awareness of some of the positive effects legalizing marijuana could have on the country. Pro- legalization preachs argue that the benefits of legalizing marijuana greatly outnumber the benefits of keeping it illegal. on that point are several, very different arguments for the pro-pot stance advocates have taken. They produce legalization would be beneficial by ca using a significant reduction in crime (which would empty prisons and save millions of dollars in tax money), creating a new industry that can be taxed and specifyd, boosting the economy, and a new, in effect(p), and low-dependency medicine. These benefits seem to be universally coveted by the pro-pot party and are often mentioned in literature advocating marijuana legalization. Another similarity in arguments usually revolves around the issue of medical marijuana. nearly advocates call for marijuana to be completely legalized, including use for recreational purposes, but this is opposed in most cases. Some advocates only want marijuana legalization if there will be strict regulations and restrictions on who can use it.In the article Weed All About It, Gary Cartwright give backs ample exhibit and quotations from experts that body his pro legalization argument In 1988 the Drug Enforcement Administrations chief law judge declared that marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safesttherapeutically active substances known to human race (87). Cartwright goes into specific ways that legalization of marijua na could benefit the country,including the economical and societal impacts, and medicinal use. He besides addresses questions most advocates ten to shy away from because of the lack of certainty in the answer (like, Would marijuana use increase if it was legalized?).One similarity of Cartwrights stance and other articles is the the claim that prohibiting the use of marijuana is unconstitutionally, and making the government seem like the bad guy. In Medical Marijuana 2010 Its Time to Fix the Regulatory Vacuum, shot Cohen claims that restricting doctors from recommending marijuana to alleviate symptoms is a violation of free speech and that science, not ideology, should be dispositive (3). Cohen continues to set up the government as the villain by describing two seemingly non-coincidental events in which fullyfunded teams of qualified scientists weredenied access o marijuana by the DEA, while simultaneously being supported by a long list of research organizationsAn argument in the a rticle, Obama, the Fourteenth Amendment and the Drug War, by Martin D. Carcie uses the Constitution as the backbone in justifying its position. According to Carcie, marijuana prohibition instantaneously violates our Fourteenth Amendment, under the Fourteenth Amendment, bodily autonomy i.e., the control over the borders and contents of ones body burdened by laws like marijuana prohibitionis a fundamental right (308). Cartwright does not explicitly mention the Constitution in his article, but makes the akin claim that Cohen and Carcie make Some mass will use drugs no matter what the consequences, butthe user primarily harms himself. When he harms others, we do something about it, just aswe arrest those who drink and calculate (Cartwright 88). Cartwright also builds the government up to be the villain, claiming that, Over time, law enforcement officials have repeatedly misled the public and the media about the so=called scourge of drugs (Cartwright 88).Both authors do this to give the reader the ability to look at the article with a blank slate. They know their audience is anti-legalization, so they want to make sure that the readers know, before they consider a stance, theyve been lied to. This makesthe authors seem like more trustworthy and rational choice. By using the Constitution to back up their arguments, there is no original way to justify anti-legalization. Assumptions will be made that youre anti-Constitution, and in turn, anti-American. Another similarity between Cartwrights stance and other arguments for marijuana legalization is the huge emphasis on the effects it will have on the economy. In the article Up In Smoke, Kelley Beaucar Vlahos describes the economic benefits of legalization, while giving real number estimates of how much revenue could be brought in or saved. She writes, Proponents of Prop 19 claimed taxes on legalized cannabis could bring upwards of $1.4 billion into beleaguered state coffers (Vlahos 18).Cartwright does this in his article as well, stating that In America, we spend nearly $8 billion trying to enforce the laws prohibiting the use and possesson of marijuana (Cartwright 86). Cartwright further supports this argument by providing more proof of the waste of taxpayers dollars, stating that in Texas, 97 percent of all marijuana arrests are for simple possessionan ounce or lessat a cost to taxpayers of $480 million a year (86). Cartwright opts to provide the reader with these statistics for deliberate reasons it provides a shock factor that he utilizes to sway the readers opinions. Vlahos also uses this same technique by including several statistics. This is much more effective than giving ambiguous amounts, like a lot or millions because giving an have estimate shows that there has been a significant amount of research about the economic benefits of marijuana, making thereader more likely to trust the numbers. By using the phrase simple possession, Cartwright builds up the worth of the money spent by making it seem like possession is harmless, forcing the reader to feel indignant. The authors also choose to talk about the economy because it is the highest concern of the counrty right now, and they present marijuana as an instant solution. The argument for the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes in Cohens article is consisten with Cartwrights article as well.Cohens article is mainly about the benefits of marijuana as a medicine. In the article, he disproves the governments claim that marijuana has no therapeutic value and describes specific symptoms marijuana could help with, Several studies publishedhave demonstrated that the drug is sage andeffective in controlling nausea and other adverse effects of chemotherapy, relieving multiple sclerosis-induced spasticity, easing certain types of pain, and ameliorating weight loss accompanying AIDS (Cohen 657). Cartwright does the same thing using more of an emotional technique by describing a group of people in wheelchairs that us e marijuana for relief from pain. Both articles advocate for medical marijuana, but the way they go about making their arguments differ.Cohen approaches the topic of medical marijuana more scientifically than Cartwright does, using several studies and scientific evidence as his arguments support. Cohen is also much more specific in the particular ways marijuana can be used, and provides suggestions on how to regulate the drug. The reader automatically feels sympathy for the people in wheelchairs and they become victims in the readers mind. Cartwright also gives a second example of a quadriplegic man that was thrown into jail for possession without regard for his medical needs, further establishing a feeling of empathy from his audience. Cohen uses such an ample amount of hard evidence its unsufferable not to trust him. By doing this, Cohen reaches out to his specific audience, the American Medical Association, in a much more effective way.The topic of marijuana legalization is very complex. The multiple points of views, though sharing the same goal, differ regarding how to succeed at accomplishing those goals and for what purpose. Through the different means that each of these authors use to convey their message, they all, in the end, support their individual arguments effectively.

Cambodia Typical Families Essay

Most of the sight of Cambodia live in villages and farm the land or fish to run their food. To see the real life and culture of how over three- quarters of the people of Cambodia live, you have to leave the cities and visit the villages. Houses ar either in groups or set up out along a trickal, river road or hillside. They are the source of Cambodian pride and satisfaction. All major events birth, marriage, and death occur within the villages. Cambodians are very shy people but very warm and welcoming to visitors. Their society is conservative, and centered around the family and religion. However, Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Asia, with an average daily income of near US$1.30 a day. More than 80% of the people of Cambodia follow a traditional lifestyle in the countryside.The main occupants of a village are farmers and their families utilise in traditional agriculture on small farm lots. The majority of farmers live in permanent villages known as sedentary vill ages. It may formulation idyllic, but subsistence farming is very hard. Most grow rice and basic crops. Each morning you can see workers walking to the fields carrying their tools and leading their piddle buffalo or cattle. At sunset they return to the shelter of the villages. Other villagers live in temporary shelters until the end of the growing season when they return to a village that is much permanent but which may be moved if new land is needed. These people are called shifting cultivators and they live in the more rugged upland areas. These people mostly belong to hill-tribes of Cambodia and live in the North-eastern provinces. Like almost all other countries in Asia, the Cambodian peoples main food is rice. Cambodian peasants have coiffureed rice ever since the time of the Angkor Empire.At the present time they still implement their traditional techniques. Cambodia has a geographical advantage and is extremely blessed with good water resources. The people in the countrys ide still plant their rice seasonally. The most common time they would plant is in the wet or monsoon season. In the dry season, the only farmers who can plant their rice paddy fields are those near water. About 10% of the people of Cambodian run small businesses from their shop houses (The front of their house is the shop, and the family lives behind this or above on the first story) and about 8% of people work for the government. Visitors will notice a huge gap between rich and poor.A few Cambodians are very rich, with big houses, expensive cars and servants, succession the very poor live in small thatched houses and do not even have a bicycle. Country life follows the rhythm of the seasons around position and harvesting the crops. After the rainy season you will see people climbing palm trees to obtain palm juice to make palm sugar. You can also see them fishing in the rivers and lakes to supplement their income. As in most other countries, rural people tend to marry younger (1 8 25 years for men and 16 20 years for women) and have more children (3 5).In contrast, urban men marry at 25 35ys of age and women at 20 25yrs and rarely have more than 3 children. Cambodians usually have 3 meals a day. Rice in some form is eaten at roughly every meal. Fish is the main protein. Poor people may have to make do with cold rice (left over from lunch time) and fish sauce for their evening meal. Despite the hardships of recent years, adult literacy has risen to 65%. It greatly varies over the country, and sadly less girls than boys continue with their education. Cambodia is experiencing a resurgence of traditional arts, particularly classical dancing which was performed at the palace and folk dancing.

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 12

It came back to him, altogether of it the cramped aisles and the tiny windows and the musty smell of old books. He had been in Belgium some cardinal years ago, and had been surprised to find an English-language book on such a subject mute in existence. But there it was, its cover worn to a solid burnished rust, with nothing of the writing remaining, if there ever had been any. Pages were missing inside, so no one and whole(a) would ever know the author or the title, if all had ever been printed there. Every receipt recipe, or charm, or spell inside involved forbidden knowledge.Damon could easily remember the simplest spell of all Ye Bloode of ye Samphire or Vampyre i?fair goode a?a general physic for all Mala expose?or mischief Done by those who Dance in the Woode?at Moonspire.These malach had surely been doing mischief in the woods, and it was the month of Moonspire, the month of the summer solstice in the Old Tongue. Damon didnt necessitate to leave sightly, and he certa inly didnt want Elena to see what he was expiry to do next. Still supporting Bonnies judgment above the warm pinkish water, he opened his shirt. in that location was a knife of ironwood in a sheath at his hip. He removed it and, in one fast(a) motion, cut himself at the base of his throat.Plenty of tune now. The problem was how to get her to tipsiness. sheathe the dagger, he lifted her egress of the water and assay to induct her lips to the cut.No, that wasstupid , he thought, with unaccustomed self-deprecation. Shes acquittance to get cold over again, and you dont go for any way to fixate her swallow. He let Bonnie lapse back into the water and thought. Then he pulled pop the knife again and made an another(prenominal) cut this one on his arm, at the wrist. He followed the vein there until blood was not provided dripping but streaming steadily out. Then he put that wrist to Bonnies upturned mouth, ad merelying the angle of her head with his other hand. Her lips were partly open and the dark red blood flowed beautifully. Periodically she swallowed. There was life in her yet.It was just like feeding a frustrate bird, he thought, tremendously pleased with his memory, his ingenuity, and well, just himself.He smiled brilliantly at nothing in particular.Now if it would only work.Damon changed position slightly to be more comfort fitting and turned the hot water up again, all while holding Bonnie, feeding her, all he knew gracefully and without a wasted movement. This was fun. It appealed to his sense of the ridiculous. Here, right now, a vampire was not supping from a human, but was trying to save it from certain demise by feeding it vampire blood.More than that. He had followed all sorts of human traditions and customs by trying to strip Bonnie without compromising her maidenly modesty. That was exciting. Of course, hed seen her luggage compartment anyway there had been no way to avoid that. But it was really more thrilling when he wastrying to follow the rules. Hed never done that before.Maybe that was how Stefan got his kicks. No, Stefan had Elena, who had been human, vampire, and occult spirit, and now appe bed to be living angel, if such a thing existed. Elena was kicky enough on her have. Yet he hadnt thought of her inminutes . It might regular be a record of Elena-over fashioning.Hed better call her, maybe get her in here and explain how this was working so there was no reason to crush his skull. It would belike look better.Damon suddenly realized he couldnt feel Elenas aura in Stefans bedroom. But before he could investigate there was a crash, then throbbing footsteps, and then another crash, much closer. And then the bathroom door was kicked open by Mortal Annoying Troublesome.Matt advanced menacingly, got his feet tangled, and looked down to extricate them. His tanned cheeks were swept with a sudden sunset. He was holding up Bonnies small pink brassiere. He dropped it as if it had bitten him, picked it up again, and whirled around, only to cannon into Stefan, who was entering. Damon watched, entertained.How do youkill them, Stefan? Do you just need a stake? Can you hold him while blood Hes feeding her blood Matt interrupted himself, looking as if he might attack Damon on his own. Bad idea, thought Damon.Matt locked eyes with him. Confronting the monster, Damon thought, even more entertained. Lethergo. Matt spoke slowly, probably kernel to convey menace, but sounding, Damon thought, as if he thought that Damon was mentally impaired.Mortally Unable To Talk, Damon mused. But that madeMutt, he express aloud, shaking his head slightly. Maybe, though, it would propel him in the future.Mutt?Youre calling ? God, Stefan, please help me kill himHes killed Bonnie. The words spilled out of Matt in a case-by-case gushing flow, a single breath. Woefully, Damon motto his latest acronym go down in flames.Stefan was surprisingly calm. He put Matt behind him and said, Go and sit down with Elen a and Meredith, in a way that was not a suggestion, and turned back to his brother. You didnt feed from her, he said, andthis was not a question.S testament poison? Not my kind of fun, inadequate brother. star corner of Stefans mouth quirked up. He made no response to this, but simply looked at Damon with eyes that wereknowing. Damon bridled.I told the truthGoing to take it up as a hobby?Damon started to release Bonnie, figuring that dropping her into bloodstained water would be the proper precursor to walking out of this dump, butBut. She was his baby bird. Shed swallowed enough of his blood now that any more would begin to Change her seriously. And if the amount of blood he had already given her wasnt enough, it simply wasnt a therapeutic in the first place. Besides, the miracle worker was here.He closed the cut on his arm enough to stop the bleeding and started to speak.And the door crashed open again.This succession it was Meredith, and she had Bonnies bra. Both Stefan and Da mon quailed. Meredith was, Damon thought, a very scary person. At least she took the time, which Mutt had not, to look over the trampled clothes on the bathroom floor. She said to Stefan, How is she? which Mutt had not, either.Shes going to be fine, Stefan said and Damon was surprised at his feeling ofnot relief, of course, but of a job well done. Plus, now he might avoid organism thrashed to within an inch of his life by Stefan.Meredith took a deep breath and closed her frightening eyes briefly. When she did that, her whole face glowed. Maybe she was praying. It had been centuries since Damon had prayed and he had never had any prayer answered.Then Meredith opened her eyes, shook herself, and started looking scary again. She nudged the pile of clothes on the floor and said, slowly and forcefully, If the item that matchesthis is not still on Bonnies body, there is going to be trouble.She waved the now infamous bra like a flag.Stefan looked confused. How could he not belowstand the mighty missing lingerie question? Damon wondered. How could anyone be such asuch an unobservant fool? Didnt Elena wear any ever? Damon sat frozen, too arrested by the images in his own inner world to move for a moment. Then he spoke up. He had the answer to Merediths riddle.Do you want to come and check? he asked, bout his head virtuously away.Yes, I do.He remained with his back to her as she approached the tub, plunged her hand into the warm pink water, and swished the towel a little. He heard her let out her breath in relief.When he turned around she said, Theres blood on your mouth. Her dark eyes looked darker than ever.Damon was surprised. He hadnt gone and pierced the redhead out of habilitate and thenforgotten it, had he? But then he realized the reason.You tried to suck the poison out, didnt you? Stefan said, throwing him a white face towel. Damon wiped the side Meredith had been looking at and came up with a bloody smear. No wonder his mouth had been stinging like fire. T hat poison was pretty nasty stuff, although it clearly didnt affect vampires the way it did humans.And theres blood on your throat, Meredith went on.Unsuccessful experiment, Damon said, and shrugged.So you cut your wrist. Pretty seriously.For a human, maybe. Is the press conference over?Meredith settled back. He could read her expression and he smiled inwardly. peculiar(a) Extra SCARYM EREDITHTHWARTED. He knew the look of those who had to give up on cracking the Damon nut.Meredith stood up. Is there anything I can get him to stop his mouth bleeding? Something to drink, maybe?Stefan just looked stricken. Stefans problem well, a part of one of Stefans many problems was thathe thought feeding was sinful. notwithstanding to talk close to.Maybe it was actually kickier that way. People relished anything they thought was sinful. Even vampires did. Damon was put out. How did you go back in time to whenanything was sinful? Because he was sadly out of kicks.With her back turned, Meredith was less scary. Damon risked an answer to the question of what he could drink.You,darlingyou darling. iodin too many darlings, Meredith said mysteriously, and before Damon could figure out that she was simply making a point astir(predicate) linguistics, and not commenting on his personal life, she was gone. With the traveling bra.Now Stefan and Damon were alone. Stefan came a step closer, keeping his eyes off the tub. You miss so much, you chump, Damon thought. That was the word hed been searching for earlier. Chump.You did a lot for her, Stefan said, seeming to find it as hard to look at Damon as at the tub. This left him very little to stare at. He chose a wall.You told me youd beat me up if I didnt. Ive never awed for beatings. He flashed his dazzling smile at Stefan and kept it up until Stefan started to turn to look at him, and then turned it off immediately.You went beyond the call of duty.With you, little brother, one never knows where duty ends. Tell me, what does infini ty look like?Stefan heaved a sigh. At least youre not the kind of bully who only terrorizes when he has the upper hand.Are you inviting me to step outside, as they say?No, Im complimenting you on saving Bonnies life.I didnt realize I had a choice. How, by the way, did you get out to cure Meredith and andhow did you manage?Elena kissed them. Didnt you even realize she was gone? I brought them back here, and she came downstairs and breathed into their mouths and it cured them. From what Ive seen, she seems to be slowly turning from spirit to full human. Im guessing it will take another few days, just from looking at her progress since she woke up until now.At least shes talking. Not much, but you cant ask for allthing. Damon was remembering the escort from the Porsche, with the top down and Elena bobbing like a balloon. This little redhead hasnt said a word, Damon added querulously, and then shrugged. Same difference.Why, Damon? Why not just give that you care about her, at least enough to keep her living and without even molesting her? You knew she couldnt afford to lose blood.It was an experiment, Damon explained painstakingly. And it was over now. Bonnie would wake or sleep, cash in ones chips or die, in Stefans hands not his. He was wet, he was uncomfortable, he was far enough from this nights meal to be hungry and cross. His mouth hurt. You take her head now, he said brusquely. Im leaving. You and Elena andMutt can finish His name is Matt, Damon. Its not hard to remember.It is if you have absolutely no interest in him. There are too many lovely ladies in this vicinity to make him anything but last choice for a snack.Stefan hit the wall hard. His fist broke by the ancient plastering. Damn it, Damon, thats not all there is to humans.Its all I ask of them.Youdont ask. Thats the problem.It was a euphemism. Its all I plan totake from them, then. Its certainly all Im evoke in. Dont try to make-believe that its anything more. Theres no point in trying t o find evidence for a pretty lie.Stefans fist flew out. It was his left fist, and Damon was supporting Bonnies head on that side, so he couldnt lean away gracefully as he normally would. She was unconscious she might take in a lungful of water and die immediately. Who knew about these humans, especially when they were poisoned?Instead, he concentrated on sending all his shielding to the right side of his chin. He figured he could take a punch, even from the New Improved Stefan without losing his hold on the girl even if Stefan broke his jaw.Stefans fist stopped a few millimeters away from Damons face.There was a pause the brothers looked at each other across a distance of two feet.Stefan took a deep breath and sat back. Now will you admit it?Damon was genuinely puzzled. Admit what?That you care something for them. Enough to take a punch rather than letting Bonnie go underwater.Damon stared, then began to laugh and found he couldnt stop.Stefan stared back. Then he shut his eyes and half-turned away in pain.Damon still had a case of the giggles. And you th-thought that I cuh-cared about one little hu-hu-huWhy did you do it, then? Stefan said tiredly.Whu-whu-whim. I t-told y-yuh-you. Just wuh-huhhuhuha Damon collapsed, punch-drunk from lack of food and from too many varying emotions.Bonnies head went underwater.Both vampires dived for her, head butting each other as they collided over the center of the tub. Both fell back briefly, dazed.Damon wasnt laughing anymore. If anything, he was fighting like a tiger to get the girl out of the water. Stefan was, too, and with his newly sharpened reflexes, he looked close to winning. But it was as Damon had thought just an hour or so earlier neither one of them even considered cooperating to get the girl. Each was trying to do it alone, and each was impeding the other.Get out of my way, brat, Damon snarled, almost hissing in menace.You dont give a damn about her.You get out of the way There was something like a geyser an d Bonnie exploded upward from the water on her own. She spat out a mouthful and cried, Whats going on? in tones to melt a heart of stone.Which they did. Contemplating his bedraggled little bird, who was clutching the towel to her instinctively, with her fiery hair plastered to her head and her mammoth brown eyes blinking between strands, something swelled in Damon. Stefan had run to the door to tell the others the good news. For a moment it was just the two of them Damon and Bonnie.It tastes awful, Bonnie said woefully, spitting out more water.I know, Damon said, staring at her. The new thing he was feeling had swollen inside his soul until the wedge was almost too much to stand. When Bonnie said, But Im alive with an abrupt 180-degree turn in mood, her heart-shaped face flushing suddenly with joy, the fierce pride Damon mat in response was intoxicating. He and he alone had brought her back from the edge of icy death. Her poison-filled body had been cured by him it was his blood that had dissolved and dispersed the toxin,his blood And then the swelling thing burst.There was, to Damon, a palpable if not audible crack as the stone encasing his soul burst open and a great piece fell away.With something inside him singing, he clutched Bonnie to him, feeling the wet towel through his raw silk shirt, and feeling Bonnies slight body under the towel. Definitely a maiden, and not a child, he thought dizzily, whatever the writing on that infamous scrap of pink nylon had claimed. He clutched at her as if he needed her for blood as if they were in hurricane-tossed seas and to let go of her would be to lose her.His neck hurt fiercely, but more cracks were spreading all over the stone it was going to explode completely, letting theDamon it held inside out and he was too drunk on pride and joy, yes, joy, to care. Cracks were spreading in every direction, pieces of stone flying offBonnie pushed him away.She had surprising strength for someone with such a slight build. Sh e pushed herself out of his arms completely. Her expression had changed radically again now her face showed only fear and desperation and, yes, revulsion.Help Somebody, please,help Her brown eyes were huge and now her face was white again.Stefan had whirled around. All he saw was what Meredith saw, darting under his arm from the other room, or what Matt saw, trying to peer into the tiny, over-full bathroom Bonnie fiercely clutching her towel, trying to make it cover her, and Damon kneeling by the bath, his face without expression.Pleasehelp. He heard me calling I couldfeel him on the other end but he just watched. He stood and watched us all dying. He wants all humans dead, with our blood running down white steps somewhere. Please, get himaway from meSo. The little witch was more proficient than he had imagined. It wasnt unusual to take in that someone was getting your transmissions you got feedback but to identify the individual took talent. Plus, shed obviously heard the ec hoes of some of his thoughts. She was gifted, his birdno, not his bird, not with her looking at him with a look as close to hatred as Bonnie could manage.There was a silence. Damon had a chance to deny the charge, but why bother? Stefan would be able to gauge the truth of it. Maybe Bonnie, too.Revulsion was flying from face to face, as if it were a swiftly-catching disease.Now Meredith was hurrying forward, grabbing another towel. She had some kind of hot drink in her other hand cocoa, by the smell. It was hot enough to be an effective weapon no way to dodge all of that, not for a tired vampire.Here, she said to Bonnie. Youre safe. Stefans here. Im here. Matts here. Take this towel lets just put it around your shoulders.Stefan had stood silently, watching all this no, watching his brother. Now, his face hardening in finality, he said one word.Out.Dismissed like a dog. Damon groped for his jacket behind him, found it, and wished that his groping for his sense of humor could be as successful. The faces around him were all the same. They could have been carved in stone.But not stone as hard as that that was coming together again around his soul. That rock was remarkably quick to mend and an extra layer was added, like the layering of a pearl, but not covering anything nearly so pretty.Their faces were still all the same as Damon tried to get out of the small room that had too many people in it. Some of them were speaking Meredith to Bonnie, Mutt no, Matt pouring out a stream of pure acidic hatredbut Damon didnt really hear the words. He could smell too much blood here. Everyone had little wounds. Their individual scents various beasts inthe herd closed in on him. His head was spinning. He had to get out of here or hed be snatching the nearest warm vessel and course it dry. Now he was more than dizzy he was too hot, toothirsty.Very, very thirsty. He had worked a long time without feeding and now he was surrounded by prey. They were circlinghim . How coul d he stop himself from grabbing just one of them? Would one really be missed?Then there was the one he hadnt seen yet, and didnt want to see. To witness Elenas lovely features twisted into the same mask of revulsion he saw on every other face here would bedistasteful, he thought, his old sense of dispassion finally returning to him.But it couldnt be avoided. As Damon came out of the bathroom, Elena was right in front of him, floating like an big butterfly. His eyes were drawn to exactly what he didnt want to see her expression.Elenas features didnt mirror the others. She looked worried, upset. But there wasnt a trace of the disgust or hatred that showed on all the other faces.She even spoke, in that strange mind-speech that wasnt, somehow, like telepathy, but which allowed her to get in two levels of communication at once.Da mon.Tell about the malach. Please.Damon just raised an eyebrow at her. Tell a bunch of humans abouthimself ? Was she being deliberately ridiculous?Besides, th e malach hadnt really done anything. They had distracted him for a few minutes, that was all. No point in blaming malach when all they had done was enhance his own views briefly. He wondered if Elena had any notion of the content of his little nighttime daydream.Da mon.I can see it. Everything. But, still, pleaseOh, well, maybe spirits got used to seeingeverybodys dirty laundry. Elena made no response to that thought, so he was left in the dark.In the dark. Which was what he was used to, where he had come from. They would all go their separate ways, the humans to their warm dry houses and he to a tree in the woods. Elena would stay with Stefan, of course.Of course.Under the circumstances, I wont sayau revoir , Damon said, flashing his dazzling smile at Elena, who looked gravely back at him. Well just say good-bye and leave it at that.There was no answer from the humans.Da mon. Elena was crying now.Please.Please.Damon started out into the dark.PleaseRubbing at his neck, he kept goi ng.

Fascist Government Essay

Fascist disposal is better compared to a communism government in that it seeks the reality of the society on strength and weaknesses of nations. Histori echoy, fascistic governments opposed the class conflicts and emphasized that they would forever exist.Though fascists have been used pejoratively in the present setting, it is clear that communism was worse in history as it advocated for classless and stateless society that declared allegiance to the Marxism-Leninism a notion that was undoable to apply. It is no doubt that communism orientation of social organization where totalitarians dominated and above all, the self perpetuating political party system was the major cause for unreasonable anarchy like that experienced under the soviet rule.OverviewThis base explores fascist government as the better option to communism with greater focus on the historical events. Through use of questions and answers, the paper explores the principles and theoretical considerations of the two sy stems of government. It compares the major occurrences under the two systems of the government to support the thesis statements. With reference to the period of occupation, the paper gives a clear analysis of the logistics behind the fascists governments as opposed to the communist administration.Questions and answersWhat are the principles of communism and how effectively did communism governments apply them?Communism government is manoeuvre by the main principle of a society that is egalitarian and classless mainly based on common ownership and control of the production means. The principles call for a stateless society with a plant of government that declares allegiance to Marxism-Leninism. Application of communism has and is always controversial in that the well outlined principles form a reciprocating platform for abuse by the same governments.Remarkably, it is communism that has made USSR to be remembered for its ruthlessness when dealing with the community. In 1928, Joseph Stalin application of communism which he claimed to be directly under his predecessor Lenin innovation, were borne of mayhem and anarchy. It was marred with extra judicial killings, spying and elimination of the political opponents (Lauren, 173-177).As indicated by fascism, it was important to acknowledge the indispensableness for the classes in the society as they were the ones that bore them. Fascist governments therefore applied the correct principles of the time that were bound on the desire to grow and expand beyond their boundaries. Though application of the survival for the fittest in the human realms was a major shenanigan, fascism has been credited for creating nationalism and enhancing identity. Sir Osward Mosley, the leader of British Union of Fascists emphasized that communism was a major cause of suppression for democracy it claimed to advocate (Daniels, 38-45).What were the consequences of communism and abolishing private property ownership to ensure equality?Communi sm was mainly directed at seeking communal ownership of the production systems in the society. Under this system merely, the government was given a better operating platform to practice considerable corruption to the people. Though the concept was initially well thought of, its application mostly presented the reciprocal a notion that made the whole system to begin a failure. The death of Karl Marx at end of the 19th century has been cited to be the possible end of real communism.Historians indicate that fascist governments rose as a response to the events of World War I, a notion that cited the possible fallouts in democracy and liberalism for their favor of individualism or internationalism. Historically, this concept was faulty and saw the establishments of the fascist governments like in Italy (Furet and Furet, 178-188).How effective was the system and what were the repercussions?Application of communism was a bloody notion that had far much reaching implication even to the veritable society. During the World War II, the communists consolidated power through massive blood shed in most of the Eastern Europe. In Russia, the struggle by more countries to get independence never bore fruits until the international community intervened later in the 20th century. Though communist governments claimed to be borne by the people themselves, it is however ironical that most of the third world colonies that adopted the communist ideals like Cambodia, Lao, and Angola are still among the poorest in the world.Though fascist government promoted the growth of their imperium beyond their own territories, they supported the nationalism and were mainly driven by charismatic leaders. This gave the notion of the great capacity of the fascism governments to rationally reason out their application policies. Nakano Seigo of Japan noted that fascist governments had the capacity to practice democracy than did communist governments (Furet &Furet Deborah, 186-190).

Psychological Factors in Health Essay

Psychological Factors in Health By Samantha Weitzell Axia College of the University of Phoenix catching an illness rather it be the flu, a cold, or even heart disease go off defecate many factors, some including genetic and lifestyle. Most of us only look at genetic factors when it comes to our health. If our grandm other(a) had cancer then we will probably contract it as well. This is not entirely true, studies show that behavior, culture, environmental and stress can pretend a big difference in our health.Chapter 4 in our phonograph record states the multi ethnic model is The belief that health and illness ar a function of multiple factors involving biological, psychological, and cultural domains, and their interactions (Axia College, 2009, week Four reading). When we think about psychological factors such(prenominal) as anxiety or imprint we tend to believe those only affect our mental health, however preventing or controlling these psychological illnesses can have effect on our physical health and well being. Psychological factors also argon of the essence(predicate) in understanding and treating medical disorders.One medical disorder that is one of the biggest stress related are headaches. In the United States 20% of the population suffer from severe headaches (Axia College, 2009, Week Four reading). in that respect are two types of headaches to discuss those are muscle tension headaches and megrim headaches. muscle-builder tension headaches are caused from the compressing of muscles in the shoulder, head and neck. When our body is experiencing a great deal of stress these muscles start to contract ceaselessly causing us to have a muscle tension headache.Blowing issues out of proportion can accept to these headaches as well. Tension headaches come on gradually, close people will convey pain on both sides of the head and pressure throughout the head (Gorman & Park, 2002). One out of every ten Americans experience migraine headaches. A migr aine headache is a throbbing headache caused by wavelike release of neurons on the brain, which create ripples of neural activity that reach pain centers in the brain stem (Axia College, 2009, Week Four reading).Muscle tension headaches will experience pain on both sides of the head where in a migraine headache you will only experience pain on one side. Muscle tension headaches usually go away within a few hours at the most whereas migraine headaches can last hours or even days at a time. These types of headaches can cause misty vision, sensitivity to things such as smells or light, nausea, and loss of eating. The cause of migraine headaches are said to be complex and not well understood. Most Doctors feel it is due to an derangement of blood flow and imbalance of neuron activity in the brain.There are many things that can trigger these headaches such as stress, hormones, drug use, and even certain types of chemicals. According to the American Heart Association Coronary Heart di sorder also known as CDH is the leading cause of death in the United States (American Heart Association, 2000). The elections we make and our behavior actually have a large effect on our try of suffering from CHD. There are kind of a few factors determining this. Our family history does have some effect but, at that place are also many other psychological effects we will discuss as well.A person who has a family history of CHD is most likely to contract it then others. Someone with psychological conditions such as obesity, in high spirits blood pressure or cholesterol are also at high risk. Many times when we feel stressed we think our blood pressure is too high but, that is not always true that is why it is important to get this checked regularly. Our eating habits can play a role in our risk for heart disease. Over eating, smoking and alcoholism are some of the most common. geek A behavior can have an effect on developing heart disease.Type A behavior is someone that is usua lly impatient, aggressive, feel rushed, and under a great amount of stress. trim these types of behavior patterns can help lower our risk of developing heart problems and even many other health issues. One CHD is developed we can undergo surgery and take medication. There are quite a few different ways that we can prevent developing this disease and eliminate risk of being one of those every ten Americans that suffer from CHD. One of the biggest challenges we face that we can change is to hinder smoking, controlling our weight and to follow a healthy diet.All, three of these things are something that we control and we have the choice as to how we live our lifestyle. Keeping these types of things under control can help us in maintaining our health. Maintaining mature behavior patterns and not living with a type A personality can help in reducing risks to heart disease. Finding ways to relieve stress and hypertension such as ease exercises or working in jobs that do not put so muc h stress on our bodies are good ways in controlling this.

Different Worlds, Same Stories Essay

Cultural Diversity Different Worlds Same Stories the States is a vast, multi heathenish land, with many variant people and many different styles. But still, we tend to reason whether close tothing is abnormal or not found on certain cultural standards, i. e. , ethnocentrism. This makes for a large bedcover in understanding cultures much(prenominal) as that of the Trobrian, a unique tribe living on the island of Kiriwiai. wiz might be surprised to find that while our two cultures have differences, we also sh ar similarities. We both enjoy our own language, celebrations, religion, politics, etc..We do, however, go about these customs and social observances in a truly different manner. A trait that exists in all cultures in sociology is referred to as a cultural universal. in that location are many examples of cultural universals throughout the world. For example, all cultures have some form of government. However, while Americans are ruled via a democratic republic based on 3 branches of their government, the Trobrian people are governed based on a paramount chief system. The two cultures both have a system of politics, unless they also have a different way of going about it.This difference illustrates what is known as cultural particulars. Cultural relativism is the principle that an individual humans beliefs and activities should be understood in damage of his or her own culture. The reason for cultural relativism is because of the lack of understanding of cultural particulars. The people of Trobrian are very(prenominal) different from Americans. Their money is in skirts and banana leaves. They roam around half-naked. Their inheritance goes through their mother, and they celebrate things such as harvests and funerals (This celebration is called a sigalli).But the most interesting thing about the Trobrian people is that their indicator is based on what they can give, not what they can take. Americans would think upon hearing this, that they are an e xtremely un-advanced, inhuman people. But that is far from the truth. They recently have adapted fundamentalism and are beginning to question their money source, masking possibilities for advancement. As an American, I feel that it would be unsatisfactory to live with a people such as with the Trobrians, but that is only because of the way I grew up and my own culture.In some ways it makes them stronger in some ways it makes them weaker. But we should never look down on another people because of the way their culture molded them. We should all have open minds and respect for diversity. People can judge very quickly, but it takes time to understand how a culture truly operates. Ethnocentrism, cultural universals, cultural particulars, and cultural relativism are all basically just fancy ways of saying we are alike in some ways, we are not alike in others, and that we should not judge others based on our own cultural norms.

A Analysis of Cecil Vyse Essay

During the stretch out part of the novel A Room With A View by E. M. Forster, what Lucy Honeychurch mind was her love for Cecil, her fiance, gradually changes to vexation as Cecil slowly transforms into her fiasco. As Cecil intrudes upon Lucys fun whether in harmony or in her recreational activities, and annoys her family and friends, he pointtually agitates her so much that she breaks off their look atment. Cecil, with his constant infringing upon Lucys pastime games and commands, inevitably appears to Lucy as both a spoilsport and a bother.For example, Lucy becomes red with anger when Cecil prohibits her from performing what she likes and instead commands her to prank another piece at which she closes the instrument out of exasperation. In addition, when he refuses to pairing in the tennis match, Lucy, already angry that Cecil fails to realize that it may be an act of kindness for a bad player to make up a fourth, concludes that he is actually sneering at her and the other players and and so refuses to answer him when he tries to get her attention.However, Lucy, in a good mood after the game and believe that she loves Cecil, disregards her irritation with him and invites him to read away only to be further annoyed with Cecil when he does not administer her mood and refuses to read while Mr. Emerson is there to entertain them and even goes as far as to call Cecil frivolous. non only does Cecils intrusive and snobby manner stop Lucy from having fun, but it also creates problems for the other characters.For example, even though Cecil says that he will not spoil the setof four, he, in fact, actually does by refusing to play and thus troubles Lucy and the other characters to look for a fourth partner. As a consequence, the characters fall back on Lucy and she is forced to change her frock and to commit the sacrilege of breaking sabbath to compromise for Cecil. In addition, Cecil distracts Lucy by reading clamorously a bad novel during the mens four t ennis match and causing her to miss her stroke, Lucy, so irritated that Cecil had spoiled her fun, actually calls him a nuisance. Later, Cecil imposes himself upon Freddy and Floyd by insisting that they must listen to him read aloud from his bad novel and annoys them so much that they would rather leave him to hunt for a lost nut than to rest and listen to his drivel.Later that Sunday night of the tennis game, all of Cecils egocentric and patronisingly patriarchal actions finally push Lucy to end their engagement. For example, Lucy finally sees how abominably selfish Cecil is after he refuses Freddys invitation to play once again, seeing that although he could play well enough to make up a set of four, he still decides to deny Freddy the game by declining once again.In addition, Lucy at last notices that Cecil is incapable of knowing anyone intimately as he always protected her under the assumption that Lucy didnt know what was refined and right and never bothered to see that s he can evidently choose for herself. Finally, Lucy, furious that Cecil tries to stifle and rove her up in art and books and music like himself and limit her freedom, decides at last that she cannot behave as his wife and breaks off their engagement.Thus, as Cecil spoils the mood by never participating in anything Lucys family and friends engage in, by creating trouble for them, and by restricting Lucys thoughts and actions, he unavoidably sets himself up to Lucy as a poor sport. Lucy, in turn, interprets Cecils lackadaisical attitude as the symbol of his whole being and as a result becomes increasingly exasperated with Cecil over time and ultimately terminates their relationship.

The Causes of Commercial Bribery Crime

(1) From a diachronic point of view, in traditional Chinese culture, human is the social causes of commercialised bribery. As everyone knows, China is a exquisite courtesy demands reciprocity resign, courtesy demands reciprocity core is advocating human intercourse, in other words, Chinese person standards require that human relations between spate..This traditional culture extends to business, evolved into If you want to shekels from the others, it is necessary to give people the appropriate return business philosophy. This way, If you want to earn more get from the others, you should give greater reward is taken for granted. (2) From the reality of origin distribution situation, there has too a great deal monopolistic industry in China, some of the management and the staff has too much power, which gives commercial bribery great road system laid the Foundation.Western economists had made the Rent-seeking theory to explain to the public rights advocates have with its pick up power for chip seek for their own economic interests phenomenon According to the power rent-seeking theory, the power of the party will be looking for opportunities through the rent his power gain benefits, and possession of money but no dominant power a side is naturally will use their own money in exchange for power.There is no scientific and effective democratization and legalization power restriction mechanism premise, this inevitably appear using trading. (3) from actor inner point of view, the pursuit of maximization of interests huge internal power is the psychological causes of commercial bribery. The disadvantages is instinct. Each person can choose for their own works. In the business field, people tend to think hard to pursue the biggest profit.So, in this kind of mentality, because of the doer in bon ton to amaze the biggest commercial interests, of course, will by hook or by crook including the use of bribery and turpitude means. (4) from the market the demand and supply of resources allocation to see, relation between supply and demand imbalance is the drudgery of commercial bribery market economic conditions.Because the cause of the natural or man-made reasons, some real(a) may be rare materials, will be in need greater than supply state Some products and will appear supply is greater than demand state. Therefore, in the circulation of commodities in the process, in order to promote surplus commodities or buy shortage of goods, with excess goods party or need commodities in short supply party will by hook or by crook. Therefore, take commercial bribery seek market supply and demand balance of resource allocation is the unavoidable.

Moral Relativism Essay

At first glance, honorable relativism appears to be an appealing, well though out philosophical view. The truth of deterrent example judgments is relative to the judging subject or community. The basic commentary of moral relativism is that all moral proposes of view ar equally valid no single persons morals are any more than right or wrong than any separate persons. As you look closer at the points that moral relativists use to justify their claims, you can patently see that in that jimmy are, more often than non, viable objections that can be made against the moral relativists arguments. Moral, or honorable, relativism is made up of two types of relativism cultural and individual relativism. cultural relativism narrates that right and wrong, good and evil, are relative to a nuance, to a way of life that is practiced by a whole assort of populate.Individual relativism says that right and wrong, good and evil, are relative to the preferences of an individual. Cultur al and individual relativism support the claim that there are no familiar moral truths in the world. Universal moral truths are morals that hope to all societies and cultures. I believe that morality is relative to culture simply since our morals develop from the surround in which we are raised. Our parents, culture and societal experiences build our individual views on what is moral and immoral. Perceptions are create through example, especially when we are children as we learn what is right and wrong through our parents and how they react to situations.The system behind ethical relativism states that ethical standards are not concrete for all societies and times, simply rather are relative to the standards of individual societies and time periods. I disagree with this possible action because societies should be judged by their moral beliefs on the foundations that time doesnt change what is morally right and wrong and their should be more emphasis base on the individual ri ghts as opposed to respecting the morals of that individuals guild. Allowing us, as a society, to say that a time or a location makes any ethical belief or theory practiced by the masses of that time/place right and that should be respected by people of another(prenominal) cultures is ignorant. There are a set of universal rights all human beings should enjoy no result the location or time period, and those cultures that violate these rights shouldnt be embraced for being diametrical scarce rather shunned upon for not recognizing the universal basic rights of the individual, despite the fact that it is hard to say what are all in all of these basic human rights. Ethical relativism places more emphasis on the society and not enough on the individual of that society.For example lets say that in some imaginary culture it is perfectly normal to eat up or maim people if they annoy you. Ethical relativism says that being of a culture where this is not an evaluate practice I cannot say that this is wrong, rather I must respect their culture thereby placing more emphasis on respecting a culture then the rights of the individuals to life no matter how annoying they see to be. In a system where everything is relative there can be no set ethical belief because then no virtuoso is bound by any universal set statute of ethics. Nothing is ever immoral since actions cant be compared to a standard and thus zilch is immoral and nothing is moral. Societies should be judged by their moral beliefs because time and place doesnt change what is morally right and wrong and more emphasis should be given to the individual rather than to the society. Ethical relativism contradicts the point of ethical theory in that there is no universal standards therefore no action is moral, and frailty versa no action is immoral.Society furbish ups what is moral at a certain point in time. faith is adaptive and can change over time, however it is still dependent upon its culture to deci de whether it is legitimate or not current. For example, in the early twentieth century, pre-marital sex was considered a huge sin and looked heap upon with disgrace. A persons entire character was jeopardized if they had participated in pre-marital sex. Today however, although pre-marital sex is not considered virtuous, society does not cast aside those who stool sex before marriage. It is considered normal as a matter of fact to have several partners before marriage, that is, if you raze out decide to get married (another topic that has missed importance over time). Benedicts also gives an example to further prove her point that morality and or north is culturally relative.She gives the example of a man in a Melanesian society who was referred to as silly and simple and definitely crazy because he liked to share and to help people and do nice things for them. In the United States, these are virtuous qualities. If you are stingy and not helpful you are looked down upon, bu t in this contrasting society, to share and be helpful is so disgraceful that one is ridiculed for possessing those traits or even condemned for them. One who believes that morality is relative could give further example of traits that are despised in one culture but admired in a contrary culture. History and evolution provide codes of what is accepted in a culture, things much(prenominal) as sorcery, homosexualism, polygamy, male dominance, euthanasia, these things are completely dependent upon its society to define its morality.Within this world that we live on, there is an enormous amount of people. Each of these people belongs to different cultures and societies. both society has traits and customs that make it unique. These societies follow different moral codes. This means that they may have different answers to the moral questions asked by our own society. What I am trying to say is that every society has a different way of analyzing and dealing with lifes events, because of their cultural beliefs. This claim is known as Cultural Relativism. Cultural Relativism is the correct view of ethics. (a) Different societies have different moral codes. (b) There is no object lens standard that can be used to judge one societal code better than another. (c) The moral code of our own society has no special status it is merely one among many. (d) There is no universal truth in ethics-that is, there are no moral truths that hold for all peoples at all times (e) The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society that is, if the moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, then that action is right, at to the lowest degree within that society.(f) It is mere arrogance for us to try to judge the conduct of other peoples. We should adopt an location of tolerance toward the practices of other cultures (Pojman). Above are six claims that help explain the notion of Cultural Relativism. In Rachels article, the Eskimos practice infa nticide as well as the killing of elders. The elders are too feeble to dedicate to the group but they still consume precious food, which is scarce. This practice is requirement for the survival of the group. The males within the Eskimo tribes have a higher mortality rate because they are the hunters and food providers. The killing of female infants helps keep the necessary equilibrium for the survival of the group. So, this infanticide and killing of elders does not signal that Eskimos have less compassion for their children, nor less respect for human life it is merely recognition that stumble is sometimes needed to ensure that the Eskimos do not become culturally extinct (Pojman).To continue with the subject of murder, there are many questions about murder that our own society faces. Within our own society there are employmenting views on topics such as abortion, capital punishment and, euthanasia. To some these acts are considered to be murder, to others they are necessary to our society. The point of this conflict is that even within our own society, there is a discrepancy between what is morally right or wrong. There is an exception to every so-called moral absolute. This eliminates the possibility of Moral Absolutism, and proves there is no universal truth (Pojman).Ruth states that homosexuals deal with many conflicts that are culturally based (Pojman). For example, in our western society, the Catholic godliness believes that is a sin for individuals to partake in homosexual activity.By this I mean, the tendency toward this trait of homosexuality in our culture exposes these individuals to all the conflicts that coincide with this choice of lifestyle. Some of these conflicts include hate groups that partake in gay bashing, public ridicule and even laws against homosexuals taking wedding vows. This differs from what Ruth explains about how in American Indian tribes there exists the institution of the berdache (Pojman). These are men who, after pubert y, take up the dress and occupations of women and even marry other men. These individuals are considered to be good healers and leaders in womens groups. In other words, they are socially placed and not ridiculed by other members of their society.This is an example of how different societies have different moral codes. Ruth states within her article how every society integrates itself with a chosen basis and disregards itself with doings deemed uncongenial (Pojman). This means societies will choose their own moral standards and ethical codes and, disregard actions that do not lie within the boundaries of these moral standards and ethical codes. She goes on to say that our moral codes are not form by our inevitable constitution of human nature. We recognize that morality differs in every society. Our own culture and environment will dictate these codes. This explains why different people have different moral standards, because port is culturally institutionalized.