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The Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of...

The Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family Functionalists focus on the roles of the family as an institution and its interaction with other institutions, such as the ratio of functions the family has to perform compared to those that other institutions such as schools and the NHS perform. Functionalism sees the use of the family in society and how it can take pressure from the government by becoming an almost dependent institution that will help support its own members. George Murdock analysed 250 societies and studied the purpose of the family, he came up with a final definition; that the family performs several main functions. These functions help the individuals within†¦show more content†¦The Functionalist theory does not consider that the modern situation and success of institutions other than the family has decreased the importance of the family and the functions it performs. For example, the role of education is now limited to only children under the age of five, as schools provide the majority of education for the younger members of the family from that age to adulthood. Reproductive functions of the family have also been limited because it is no longer necessary for a family to have both parents to create a child. This could be because of promiscuity or artificial insemination. Finally, economic support within the family has also been reduced because the government provides benefits for Old Age Pensioners, the unemployed and pre gnant mothers, meaning that a family does not need to support itself financially to survive as there are other options. Talcott Parsons considered how industrialisation and advances in technology and social morals have changed the functions of the family and he claimed the families functions were now limited to just two functions. Firstly is primary socialisation, he believed that parents taught their children from an early age what was socially accepted and normal behaviour in public. Primary socialisation also includes teaching the foundations of language. The second function is toShow MoreRelatedThe Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Usefulness of Functionalism for an Understanding of the Family The Functionalists see the family as an important and vital institution in society. They take a MACRO view and look at interdependence between the family and other organisations. Functionalists look at the positive parts to society but overlook the negatives. They emphasise on the value consensus and see the family as being universal. Other people’s outlooks disagree with this view, such as the MarxistsRead MoreAssessment of the Usefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family1223 Words   |  5 PagesAssessment of the Usefulness of Functionalism in Understanding the Family Functionalism is a structuralist theory. This means it sees the individual as less important as the social structure of society. It is a ‘top down’ theory. The family can be defined as an intimate domestic group composed of people related to each other by blood, sexual relations and legal ties. When assessing how useful functionalism is when looking at the family, other views/perspectives Read MoreFunctionalist View of the Family1317 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the usefulness of the functionalist view for an understanding of the family today? Functionalism is a structural theory. In functionalism, social institutes like families are the key parts of the structure/system. 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Even though these theories have added to societies understanding of criminal behaviour, all have been unable to explain why punishment or treatment of offenders is unable to prevent deviancy, and thus are ineffective methods of control. The new penology is a contemporary response that favours t he management of criminalsRead MoreThe Importance of Demography to Development11868 Words   |  48 Pagescan draw the line between subjective and objective research and has also influenced hermeneutical studies. Similar disputes, especially in the era of the Internet, have led to variations in sociology such as public sociology, which emphasizes the usefulness of sociological expertise to abstracted audiences. Social Theory and Social Philosophy Social theory refers to the use of abstract and often complex theoretical frameworks to explain and analyze social patterns and macro social structures in social

Enterprise Systems and Data Management

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Systems and Data Management. Answer: Introduction Enterprise Systems are packages of large-scale Application Software which support business procedures, business reportings, the flow of information as well as data analysis of big organizations. Enterprise Systems are widely known as Packaged Application Software frameworks. They are also named as Custom Developed and Tailored systems which are created to provide the development as well as the execution of different architectures, policies, approaches and procedures to manage the requirements of the organization data lifecycle in an effective manner. Data Management is the best and policy-based approach to deal or manage the flow of data within an organization and support the organization to attain suitable data frameworks. This study is a report on Data Management and Enterprise Systems. It includes the case study of Tesco organization which is situated in the United Kingdom and the research is also done regarding the use of Enterprise System as well as Data Management in the organi zation. Enterprise Systems and Data Management Enterprise Systems Enterprise systems coordinate various diverse sectors of organization. SAPs NetWeaver, Databases and Oracle's Fusion are some softwares utilized to build the Enterprise Systems within an association. From the computers hardware perspective, Enterprise System (ES) is the storage servers, as well as software which is utilized by large business enterprises as an infrastructure for their Information Technology models. Enterprise Systems are the frameworks planned to manage a large amount of critical or significant data (Aberer, 2011). The Enterprise Systems are regularly designed to offer a huge level of data security and transaction performance. On the other hand, Data management process is performed in the organizations different applications, formats, and protocols. While coordinating, the Enterprise Systems permit the organizations to coordinate its business procedures, for instance, sales, deliveries as well as accounts receivable through sharing information or data across employee hierarchies and business functions (Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mashari, 2002). Enterprise frameworks can also replace the multiple independent frameworks that are not able to interact with some other frameworks as well as this system only process the data to provide support to particular business processes and its functions. For instance, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) provides support to entire sales procedure of the organization which includes some pre-sales exercises, sales orders, deliveries, inventory reference, billing as well as customer payments. ERP, Customer Relationship Management, and Supply Chain Management are some examples of big Enterprise Systems. Types of the Enterprise Systems Customer Relationship Management (CRM): CRM system was developed to deliver the requirement of an organization to raise its sales divisions productivity (Babaian Lucas, 2013). CRM also makes the administration or management of the organizations consumers in an impressive way to enhance the sales. With some functions of CRM, for instance, management of sales opportunity, organization come to learn about its client requirements as well as their buying behavior as well as join this important data with the market information in order to upgrade the quality and productivity of the organization sales forecasts and its marketing plans. Supply Chain Management (SCM): SCM alludes to the procedure of collecting individuals, tasks, tools, data as well as other assets required to deliver and move items or products from seller to the consumer. Supply Chain Management seems an effective management of an organizations supply chain exercises through the supply chain company in an efficient and effective way. Some activities, consider product development, production, material sourcing, logistics and the information frameworks that organize these activities (Bhowmick, Madria, Ng, 2004). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): ERP system coordinates software applications simply as the organizations coordinate its business procedures, for example, purchasing, financing, HR as well as inventory management of the organization (Bose, 2006). In an Enterprise Resource Planning system, the incorporated software models, for instance sales, the quality management as well as accounts receivable easily communicate as well as share the data. All these modules consist of various applications that accomplish the functions needed to execute specific business procedures. For instance, the business model considers the applications important to create as well as manage the business deals, orders, invoices and pricing of orders. ERP systems applications not only provide support to various operational as well as administrative tasks, for example, time sheet or creation of fresh accounts, they might also be tailored to provide support to a number of diverse industries, like gas and oil indus try, banking and retail industry (Chouà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hong Chen, 2002). Although business intelligence and data warehousing systems, both are widespread packaged application software and frequently sold by Enterprise System sellers since both indirectly support the execution of business processes and most of the time both systems are excluded from the organization. Enterprise Software: Enterprise software also named as EAS, is a software utilized to fulfill the requirements of an association rather than the individual user. Such associations would include schools, businesses, charities or clubs and government enterprises. Enterprise software is a fundamental part of this computer-based data system (Fan Geerts, 2012). Enterprise software provides services with the help of the typical business-oriented equipment, for instance Online Shopping as well as Online Payment Processing. A few examples of Enterprise Softwares are Automated Billing Frameworks, Organization's content Management system. This software portrays a collection of computer programs with the help of basic business applications and tools. Enterprise Systems demonstrate how easily the entire association works, and how effectively the development tools for building different applications are used in the associations. Enterprise software is proposed to solve difficult issues in organi zations instead of solving departmental issues (Ferrari, 2010). Enterprise Software works with the main motive to enhance organization's productivity as well as its efficiency by giving Enterprise Logic Support or Functionality. Enterprise System is the process which includes manipulation as well as a frequent display of a large amount of complex information. However, Enterprise Software doesnt have any broadly acknowledged list of characteristics they usually include scalability and robustness of system performance as its characteristic (Golab Ozsu, 2010). Moreover, these Enterprise Softwares have a typical interface with other Enterprise Softwares as these software are centrally controlled and managed. Enterprise Systems performed different business procedures, for instance, order processing, production scheduling, client information management, procurement accounting, as well as energy management (Gupta, 2000). Data Management The accumulation of data from numerous sources as well as distributing it to a specific level of individuals who needed it. The authentication and secure delivery of that data is usually named as Data Management. Several vendors provide Data Management products, however impressive Data Management includes well-defined processes and adherence to suitable practices and applications (Kim Seong Leem, 2005). There are different ways to deal with Data Managemen(Soja, 2009)t. Master data management also named as MDM is a comprehensive way of enabling the organization to associate its sensitive and critical data in a single file, named as a master file gives a typical perspective. The importance of effective Data Management process grows day by day as the organizational business is a focus to increase its compliance regulations. Furthermore, Data Management helps to manage and control a large amount of sensitive data which is sometimes also referred as a big data. Data Management procedure is an administration as well as governance of big data both in structured as well as in an unstructured manner (Lee Hong, 2002). Government organizations, Corporations, and Agencies employ this data management methodology to assist them to claim fast-growing data pools, involving several terabytes as well as petabytes of data along with a mixture of different data types. The idea of Data Management emerged in the late 1980s as advancement in technology moved from consecutive processing of selected access processing. Nowadays Data Management is done to technically store a single data fact into a single file and access this data by using selected access disk and suggesting that the Data Management process is more significant than the Process Management procedure (Loshin, 2009). Issues in Enterprise Systems and Data Management Although Enterprise System and Data Management have many advantages. However, these advantages are likewise matched with some high-level dangers because of the complexity of Enterprise Systems and Data Management. Some companies even plan to terminate the execution of Enterprise Systems because of the cost and time spent on it, as well as the disruption caused by ES limits(Mak, 2006). There might be several issues when organizations trying to execute, adjust and run the Enterprise System. The issues caused by Enterprise System are the only reasons due to which performance of the organization decreases. Change in any organization is the most critical issue encountered in the exchange of fresh and new frameworks. Several issues are involved during the implementation phase of Enterprise Systems, such as Structural issues, Intellectual issues, Social issues, Cost issues as well as Technological issues (Larkin, 2005). On the other hand, Data Management in the organization also encounters several big issues such as, more circular space is needed as well as a bigger or more intense computer system is required for Data Management procedures which small organizations cannot afford (Mamoulis, 2011). Another noteworthy issue of Data Management is its complexity. To ideally use the database, it should be carefully composed. If it is not done properly, the new system will not able to fulfill the organization's needs. The more conspicuous impact of framework failure is that every investment of data is tied-up at one place, therefore loss of data surely occurs and it is also considered as a big issue of Data Management. More difficult recovery processes are there in Data Management and if any framework disappointment occurs, then there is a loss of imperative data (Pan, 2004). Data Management and Enterprise System need high implementation cost, therefore, adaptations of both frameworks in the organizations become difficult. It is important to train every employee in the organ ization in order to use these systems more efficiently, but it is bit costly and time-consuming method. Integration of Data Management and Enterprise Systems with some other applications of organizations is essential, as well as the flexibility of the framework is also required in the system (Zeleny, 2005). There are a couple of experts involved in the enterprise system and if enterprise system is not applied properly then this system will become inconvenient for the organization. Case Study The Organization selected here in this case study is a worldwide famous retail organization TESCO. TESCO organization is a British enterprise which is working within a general retail business and merchandise business. The profit of the organization exceeds more than 3-Billion pounds every year and the organization becomes the third biggest retailer association in the entire world. TESCO organization works in approximately twelve nations worldwide. TESCO association is the major Superstore organization in the United Kingdom and more than two thousand stores run effectively in the United Kingdom. Tesco is a specialized organization of different items including drinks, food, electronics, financial services, clothing, home appliances, insurance, music, telecommunication, dental care and health care services etc (Wazalek, 2000). Enterprise System in Tesco TESCO organization is a world-class distributor organization and about Eleven million individuals visit at Tesco stores every day. Tesco has become the most refined supply chain organization in the entire world and helps its customers to get what they require from the last one decade. Tesco's team of supply chain examination grew in the last few years and now it has become an organization of five ratios Fifty individuals. Tesco staffed only by engineering and science graduates and to help Tesco to train-up in the field of retail expertise as well as in SQL programming aptitudes (Van den Hoven, 2004). The staff of Tesco organization mostly utilizes mathematical applications such as MatLan to conduct its analysis procedure. IT team of this organization attains the biggest win by including a statistical system named as Enterprise Systems which easily predicts the effect of weather on clients buying behavior (Barnes, 2011). From 2006, Tesco association utilized Enterprise Systems to enha nce its production network, fundamentally focusing on its stock administration frameworks. As per IT department, Tesco's new Enterprise System network's enhancement program, helped the organization to gain 16 million every year because now the organization is capable of understanding the consumers buying habits as well as to keep a track of sales in an effective manner. Additionally, Tesco retailers also use this Enterprise System in order to effectively track the special offers and each sale done, within the organization, the news source reported (Kerschbaum, 2008). Data Management in Tesco This Organization uses typical wellsprings of the data management model to arrange the design and pattern of examination as well as regulating the execution of data. Tesco's fresh, non-nourishment website named as Tesco Direct, utilize the web content administration model as a single wellspring for the management of data. Intertwined's website application software is utilized by the Tesco organization for expert Data Management procedure in which the merchandise needs to ensure that it keeps only specific information about its products over its channels for effectiveness as well as to ensure that the customers purchase the similar products online as well as in-store (Kim Hallsworth, 2015). The Data Management procedure is especially very intense for the organization Tesco because it is increasing its range of websites as well as quickly enhancing its online requests. With the help of Data Management, approximately 220,000 customer's requests are fulfilled within a week. Tesco has in addition guaranteed that it provides an arrangement of products pictures by using the Data Management procedure. Data Management used by Tesco organization is in the form of policies, processes, and appropriate approaches to make sure that the data is understandable, trusted, accessible, visible as well as optimized for the customers of Tesco. Tesco's Data Management includes procedures for strategy, modeling, visualization, security, planning, access control, data analytics, as well as quality. Results encompass enhancing data quality as well as assurance of Tesco's data, enabling data sharing and reuse of data is possible by minimizing the redundancy of data. The pain which organization faced are experiencing consistent reporting, regulatory compliance, Service-Oriented frameworks have prompted the interest of Tesco in Data Management. Case Study Conclusion This case study concludes that Tesco organization experience a lot of advantages from both Data Management and Enterprise Systems. By using both these automated frameworks Tesco organization can move its business more effectively. Enterprise Systems and Data Management support Tesco by providing them stock replenishment as well as by analyzing the sales figures. Both the frameworks help Tesco association by bringing its revenues in the Billions and help it to take its business to next level hence increasing its productivity. Enterprise systems and Data Management represent the significant contemporary process in the organizational utilization of the information technology. Recommendation Tesco and many organizations use Enterprise System and Data Management, therefore, people should be familiarized with both the new work frameworks. Full training, as well as comprehensive knowledge of Enterprise Systems and Data Management, should be appropriately provided to employees. Normally the workers feel it is a difficult procedure to modify an old system to a new one, especially in the case of electronic systems. Workers decline to acknowledge or compel Information Technology to change and adjust Enterprise Systems and Data Management. Customization makes Enterprise System and Data Management unstable as well as harder to control or maintain. Many mistakes are committed by the organizations by assuming, that it is easy to change the individual rather than to customize the system. Wide teamwork, as well as planning of functional areas between organizations, requires both internally and externally. Latest training is required for the customer and employees to attain the basic goal of the association. Conclusion This report concludes that there is a distinct difference, between both Enterprise System and in transaction-oriented frameworks. Enterprise System is a large package and a customize system technique which is developed within organizations IT department. Enterprise System is a normative business approach to update and collects the data of an organization. Enterprise System appears as an enduring segment of the organizational Information Technology department because they cover the largest portion of organizations Information Technology Infrastructure. It has also been concluded that the Data Management systems affect almost all the parts of organizations, including its implementation time as well as its operations and functions. Organization's Data Management not only affects its ability to manage data, however, it also upgrades the framework of the organization to modern technologies. Consequently, organizations require a framework to understand and analyze both of these systems to include in their decision-making procedures, in development as well as in the implementation processes. References Aberer, K. (2011). Peer-to-Peer Data Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 3(2), 1-150. Alà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Mashari, M. (2002). Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems: a research agenda. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(3), 165-170. Babaian, T. Lucas, W. (2013). Modeling Data for Enterprise Systems with Memories. Journal Of Database Management, 24(2), 1-12. Bhowmick, S., Madria, S., Ng, W. (2004). Web data management. New York: Springer. Bose, R. (2006). Understanding management data systems for enterprise performance management. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 106(1), 43-59. Barnes, R. (2011). The great Tesco beauty gamble (the Tesco supermarket chains marketing strategy for breaking into the UK beauty services market). Strategic Direction, 27(7). Chouà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Hong Chen, J. (2002). Enterprise computing asset management: a case study. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(2), 80-88. Fan, W. Geerts, F. (2012). Foundations of Data Quality Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 4(5), 1-217. Ferrari, E. (2010). Access Control in Data Management Systems. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 2(1), 1-117. Golab, L. zsu, M. (2010). Data Stream Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 2(1), 1-73. Gupta, A. (2000). Enterprise resource planning: the emerging organizational value systems. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 100(3), 114-118. Kim, S. Seong Leem, C. (2005). Enterprise security architecture in business convergence environments. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 105(7), 919-936. Kerschbaum, F. (2008). Building a privacy-preserving benchmarking enterprise system. Enterprise Information Systems, 2(4), 421-441. Kim, W. Hallsworth, A. (2015). Tesco in Korea: Regulation and Retail Change. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 107(3), 270-281. Larkin, F. (2005). [Tesco Opera]. Circa, (111), 41. Lee, S. Hong, S. (2002). An enterpriseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ wide knowledge management system infrastructure. Industr Mngmnt Data Systems, 102(1), 17-25. Loshin, D. (2009). Master data management. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann. Mak, R. (2006). The Martian principles for successful enterprise systems. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Pub. Mamoulis, N. (2011). Spatial Data Management. Synthesis Lectures On Data Management, 3(6), 1-149. Pan, S. (2004). Managing strategic enterprise systems and e-government initiatives in Asia. Singapore: World Scientific. Plattner, H. Zeier, A. (2012). In-memory data management. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Van den Hoven, J. (2004). Data Architecture Standards for the Effective Enterprise. Information Systems Management, 21(3), 61-64. Wazalek, J. (2000). Enterprise systems integration. Boca Raton, Fla.: Auerbach.

Seventies Essays - Fashion, Culture, Music, California,

Seventies How the 1970's Shaped American History The Nineteen Seventies was a pop culture decade. From Hippies to Disco and Saturday Night Fever to The Brady Bunch, the Seventies were full of cultural changes that shaped society for years to come. Although pop culture was important, many political outcomes also occurred. The Watergate scandal, the official end of the Vietnam conflict, and the United States Bicentennial all happened during this decade. Oil and nuclear problems arose, and Abortion was legalized for the first time. The Nineteen Seventies are often tarnished by remembrances of them, but in actuality many advances did occur in this ten-year span. When looking back at entertainment, fashion, and music history of the nineteen seventies these were probably the greatest and most influential events of this decade. Many movie stars such as Jane Fonda, Robert Redford, and John Travolta arose in this decade. Movies like Jaws, Saturday Night Fever, Rocky and Star Wars were on the movie screens and were a new type of uninhibited film that had never before been socially allowed before the seventies. Musically, with the exception of Disco of course, the seventies will be highly revered. Lynrd Skynrd, Bob Marley, Simon and Garfunkel, Led Zeppelin, The Eagles and countless other groups arose on the rock scene. We must however also acknowledge Disco and groups such as the Bee Gee's and KC and the Sunshine Band. Clothing was completely free and bell bottoms, bikini's and love beads were commonplace. There were no longer strict dress codes and the new free spirit of the seventies definitely demonstrated that. T.V.'s went to color, V.C.R.'s were invented, DNA was just beginning to be unfolded, technology was beginning to blossom. Atari was invented, computers enhanced, and home appliances were rejuvenated. The early seventies entailed such things as the Kent State University Massacre in 1970, which resulted in the deaths of four innocent students by National Guardsmen, and The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision in 1973 that helped to spawn the women's movement that engrossed the entire decade. The first Earth Day was celebrated on April 22, 1970 and launched a new environmental movement, and anti war protest were all around until the official U.S. pullout from the Vietnam conflict in 1973. Charles Manson planned the murders of dozens of people, and it was apparent that society was drastically changing. The Richard Nixon Watergate scandal involving Democratic headquarter information that implicated the president in illegal cover-ups and activities with funds was probably the one thing that most people remember most about the 1970's. Those interviewed, and researchers have both said that it was the most significant event of the decade. It caused an intense distrust of the Federal Government, and the Democratic party, which has stemmed into politics today. This event, which led to the impeachment proceedings and ultimate resignation of president Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974 made a lasting impression on politics, government, public opinion, and the way democracy is cared for. Nuclear testing, resulting in health and environmental problems was also a hot topic in this time period. The Nuclear waste spill and radioactive leak at The Three Mile Island Nuclear plant in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in 1979. The new environmental feeling that was being brought about in this decade helped to bring about the idea of safe nuclear projects and disposal of nuclear waste. Foreign relations, on the whole were not good with Iran, or Russia. We had a hostage crisis with Iran, a Grain embargo with Russia, and an oil embargo leading to a gas crisis in the United States. The feminist movement was at it's pinnacle in the 1970's. Because of activists such as Gloria Steinem and Bella Apzug, women were getting more recognition. Women sports stars such as Billy Jean King were also becoming famous. Workplace discrimination was addressed, rallies held, and "bra burning" commenced. This free time enabled women to fight for what they believed in without worrying about what it would look like to others. The Roe v. Wade decision by the Supreme Court gave women more freedom of choice, as well as the readily available birth control pill. Along with this women's revolution there was a sexual revolution in the 1970's. Contraception was accessible and the sexually transmitted diseases of today were unheard of. This lead to more promiscuity and curiosity involving sexual relations. Drugs were also found everywhere. People were not as afraid of them as they can be now, and punishment was not nearly as severe. With the new free culture came a revived interest in illegal substances. America